ALCOHOL EXPECTANCY CHALLENGE AS A PREVENTION STRATEGY

描述：了解发展中的重要病因因素 问题饮酒和酒精中毒应该有用地通知设计， 预防工作。 很少有预防战略是基于这种 然而，主要是因为大多数人认为， 病因是不可改变的。 研究提供了广泛的 构建验证网络，表明这些其他因素在一定程度上 通过认知过程（预期）影响饮酒， 潜在的可塑性 期望是以前的记忆模板 指导未来行为的经验。 最近的调查显示 饮酒者可以获得饮酒及其 通常的行为结果可以以非常显著的方式断开， 这种“期望挑战”可能导致短期内 大学生消费。 这些调查提供了 预防能力第一次扩大试验的基础 期望挑战模型 拟议的研究将： 扩大关于预期效果的初步调查结果 质疑程序，强调阐明基本过程 预防和减少酒精滥用;比较 挑战程序，以酒精技能培训，并结合 挑战/技能计划;并尽可能调查各种风险因素 挑战效应的调节者。 大学生将成为这些努力的目标，因为最近 认识到过度饮酒的严重后果， 人口 A3（预期挑战操作）x2（酒精技能 训练操作）析因设计。 该设计将 所有参与者、评估人员和 干预人员，将是男性或女性在每个 复制的 个人饮酒、期望值和其他 变量，随后超过两年，将受到最近制定的 统计分析（包括分层线性模型， 潜在增长曲线建模）。 结果将为大型 规模试验，以防止酒精滥用的大学生，并可能为 将这些方法推广到其他风险群体。

DESCRIPTION: Knowledge of important etiological factors in the development of problem drinking and alcoholism should usefully inform the design of prevention efforts. Few strategies for prevention have been based on such information, however, primarily because the majority of identified etiological factors are not malleable. Research has provided an extensive construct validation network that shows that these other factors in part influence drinking via cognitive processes (expectancies) that are potentially malleable. Expectancies are memory templates of previous experiences that guide future behavior. Recent investigations have shown that drinkers can be provided with experiences in which drinking and its usual behavioral outcomes can be disconnected in a highly salient manner, and that this "expectancy challenge" may result in short-term decreases in consumption in college students. These investigations provide the foundation for the first extended tests of the prevention capabilities of the expectancy challenge model. The proposed research will: replicate and extend preliminary findings regarding the efficacy of the expectancy challenge procedure with emphasis on explicating the underlying processes that prevent and reduce alcohol misuse; compare the efficacy of the challenge procedure to alcohol skills training and to a combined challenge/skills program; and investigate various risk factors as possible moderators of the challenge effect. College students will be the target of these efforts because of the recent recognition of the serious consequences of excessive alcohol use in this population. A 3 (expectancy challenge manipulation) x 2 (alcohol skills training manipulation) factorial design will be used. This design will be replicated across gender; all participants, assessment personnel, and intervention personnel, will be either male or female within each replication. Slopes of individual drinking, expectancy, and other variables, followed over two years, will be subjected to recently developed statistical analyses (including hierarchical linear modeling and possibly latent growth curve modeling). Results will provide a foundation for large scale trials to prevent alcohol misuse in college students, and possibly for the extension of these methods to other risk groups.