SAND FLY AND TICK SALIVA AND DISEASE

描述：(改编自调查人员摘要)每个人的唾液 已被检测的吸血节肢动物病媒含有 具有强大药理或免疫抑制作用的分子 效果。这些分子帮助载体也在不经意间增强了 这些媒介传播的病原体的传染性(节肢动物探测器 并将病原体传播到皮肤上而不是 他们的唾液)。沙屑的唾液(利什曼病的媒介) 显著增加小鼠的利什曼原虫感染，并可以确定 利什曼原虫是否能够成功地在 主持人。这些观察表明，接种疫苗是可能的。 人类通过接种针对这些分子的疫苗来抵御媒介传播的疾病 在媒介唾液中，使病原体能够在 主持人。 在之前的授权期内，沙蝇唾液基因被克隆 编码蛋白质(Maxadilan或Max)，从而扩大感染 利什马尼亚。MAX免疫阻断了MAS的疾病加重作用 在老鼠身上最大。在本提案中，MAX对相关细胞类型的影响 参与对利什曼原虫感染的反应及其机制 将通过MAX具有这些影响的方式进行检查。此外，疫苗 将在小鼠身上优化协议，以便阻止病毒的传播 沙蝇引起的利什曼病。 莱姆病在美国是一个严重的健康问题。确实有 扁虱唾液中至少含有3种不同的免疫抑制蛋白 莱姆病病媒，肩部硬蜱。调查员希望 克隆这些蛋白质的基因并鉴定其蛋白质产物 就像沙蝇蛋白所做的那样。此外，他还将决定 这些蛋白是否增强了对致病因子的感染 莱姆病，伯氏疏螺旋体，以及这些蛋白是否可以使用 开发一种莱姆病传播阻断疫苗。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from investigator's abstract) The saliva of every blood-sucking arthropod vector for disease that has been examined contains molecules that have either potent pharmacological or immunosuppressive effects. These molecules aid the vectors also inadvertently enhance the infectivity of the pathogens that these vectors transmit (arthropods probe in the skin for a blood meal and deliver pathogens to the skin without their saliva). The saliva of the sand flay (the vector for leishmaniasis) dramatically augments infection with Leishmania in mice and can determine whether Leishmania is able to successfully establish infection in the host. These observations suggest that it may be possible to vaccinate humans against vector-borne disease by vaccinating against the molecules in vector saliva that allow the pathogen to establish infection in the host. In the previous granting period, the sand fly salivary gene was cloned that encodes the protein (Maxadilan or MAX) that augments infection with Leishmania. Immunization with MAX blocks disease-exacerbating effects of MAX in mice. In this proposal the effects of MAX on relevant cell types involved in the response to infection with Leishmania, and the mechanism by which MAX has these effects will be examined. Furthermore, vaccine protocols will be optimized in mice so that they block transmission of leishmaniasis by sand flies. Lyme disease in a serious health problem in the United States. There are at least 3 different immunosuppressive proteins in the saliva of the tick vector for Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis. The investigator wishes to clone the genes for these proteins and characterize their protein products as was done for the sand fly protein. In addition, he will determine whether these proteins enhance infection with the etiological agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, and whether these proteins can be used to develop a transmission blocking vaccine for Lyme disease.