MSSL/UCL Astrophysics Consolidated Grant 2016-2019

这一综合赠款申请包括天体物理和仪器领域的一系列相关项目。天体物理学项目分为三个方面：高能天体物理；星系形成和演化；以及宇宙学。它们每一项都与空间设施有直接和有影响的联系，每个领域都将通过这些设施进行改造。这是工作组拥有的特殊优势，为我们提议的工作提供了一个值得注意的方面。然而，我们的方案决不限于利用MSSL硬件，甚至不限于利用我们的硬件飞行的特派团。相反，在收集必要的数据以理解我们所解决的和被STFC确定为重要的科学问题时，考虑到每一条可用的路线，包括地面设施。综合拨款也为包括JWST、欧几里德、柏拉图、雅典娜(以及潜在的LOFT)在内的未来任务奠定了基础，我们在其中扮演着重要的角色。我们的仪器研究专注于开发新颖的、微型化的0.1K冷却器。我们提出了12个项目，与这四个专业领域保持一致。按照顺序，这些是关于高能天体物理/极端重力环境的三个案例(Zane(2)，Wu)；关于星系形成和演化的四个案例(其中一个还与高能天体物理主题有关)(Page，Kawata，Cropper，Ferrera)，三个关于宇宙学的案例(McEwen，Kitching(2))；以及一个关于进一步开发低温冷却器的技术案例(赫本)，这是对未来一项关键空间技术的投资。选择这套项目是为了推进集团的核心研究活动。还有一项外展请求(绿色)，以确保将这些项目的成果带到更广泛的社区。

This consolidated grant application comprises a portfolio of related projects across the fields of astrophysics and instrumentation. The astrophysics projects are in three strands: high energy astrophysics; galaxy formation & evolution; and cosmology. These each have a direct and influential connection with the space facilities by which each field is or will be transformed. This is the particular advantage held by the Group, providing a noteworthy dimension to the work we propose. However our programme is by no means limited by MSSL hardware exploitation or even the exploitation of missions flying our hardware. Rather, every route available is considered, including ground-based facilities, when gathering the data necessary to understand the science questions that we address and that have been identified by STFC as being important. The Consolidated Grant also sets the foundation for the expoitation of future missions including JWST, Euclid, PLATO, Athena (and, potentially, LOFT), in which we have significant roles.Our instrumentation research is focused on the development of novel, miniaturised <0.1K coolers.We present twelve projects, aligned with these four fields of expertise. In order, these are three cases in high energy astrophysics/extreme gravity environments (Zane (2), Wu); four cases in galaxy formation and evolution (one of which links also to the high-energy astrophysics theme) (Page, Kawata, Cropper, Ferreras), three in cosmology (McEwen, Kitching (2)); and a technical case for the further development of a cryogenic cooler (Hepburn), which is an investment in a critical space technology for the future. This set of projects is chosen to take forward the core research activity of the Group. There is also an outreach request (Green) to ensure the outcomes of these projects are taken to the wider community.