Upgrades of the Tracker and Trigger of the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC - additional support

为了更深入地研究LHC的物理发现，以及加速器非常成功的性能所带来的挑战，未来几年需要对一些关键的CMS子系统进行升级。此外，LHC的运行预计将比实验设计的时间长至少十年。跟踪探测器不可避免的辐射损坏将需要在2022年更换，新的探测器必须更颗粒化和抗辐射。它还必须在更恶劣的环境中表现得更好，在每个光束交叉中有更高的事件堆积，以满足所需的物理目标。LHC是世界上能量最高的机器，是唯一能够在可预见的未来研究一些最高优先级基础物理主题的加速器。除了希望通过发现希格斯玻色子来完成标准模型之外，它还使我们能够阐明粒子物理学中的许多其他关键问题，包括暗物质的性质，力的统一，基本粒子的存在以及它们在宇宙起源中的作用。对LHC计划的投资是巨大的，对实验的升级将大大延长其工作寿命，并利用过去十年的技术进步来改善其性能。最关键的子探测器是跟踪器和触发器，其中英国团体发挥了重要作用，近年来进行了成功的研发。我们建议在此基础上，提供新的热量计触发系统的重要部分，并继续研发，将跟踪数据纳入未来的1级触发。我们将为新的像素探测器提供一个新的数据采集系统，并通过提供前端电子设备的主要部分，为未来跟踪器的探测器模块的建设做出贡献。在每一种情况下，联合王国将提供硬件、固件和软件，并提供大量的智力投入和领导作用。这些都是对CMS整体升级计划的重大贡献，符合按比例分担施工责任的要求。

To allow deeper investigations of the physics of discoveries expected at the LHC, and the challenges presented by the very successful performance of the accelerator, upgrades to some key CMS sub-systems are required in the next few years. In addition, LHC operation is expected to continue for at least a decade longer than the experiments were designed for. Inevitable radiation damage to the tracking detector will require its replacement in 2022 and the new detector must be moregranular and radiation hard. It must also perform better in an even harsher environment, with higher pileup of events in each beam crossing, to meet the required physics goals.The LHC, which is the highest energy machine in the world, is the only accelerator capable of investigating some of the highest priority fundamental physics topics for the foreseeable future. In addition to the hoped for completion of the Standard Model by the discovery of the Higgs boson, it allows us to shed light on many other key questions in particle physics including the nature of dark matter, unification of forces, the existence of fundamental particles and their roles in the origin of the universe. The investment in the LHC programme has been significant and upgrades to the experiments will extend its working lifetime considerably, and improve their performance by taking advantage of technological progress in the last decade.The most crucial sub-detectors to be modified are the tracker and trigger, in which UK groups have played significant roles and have undertaken successful R&D in recent years. We propose to build on this by delivering a significant part of the new calorimeter trigger system and continuing R&D to incorporate tracking data into the future Level 1 trigger. We will deliver a new data acquisition system for the new pixel detector, and contribute to construction of detector modules for the future tracker by providing major parts of the front end electronics. In each case, the UK will be providing hardware, firmware and software with substantial intellectual input and leadership roles. These represent substantial contributions to the overall CMS upgrade plan consistent with proportionate sharing of construction responsibilities.