A Collaborative Database to Support the Ongoing Fukushima Daiichi NPP Decommissioning

2011年3月发生在日本福岛第一核电站（FDNPP）的事故是有史以来最严重的放射性泄漏事件之一。事故发生后，约有16万人从家中撤离，其中许多人仍因核电站周围的高辐射水平而无法返回。虽然多反应堆事故已经过去了八年，但在有关知识方面仍然存在相当大的差距，不仅是在事故期间释放的放射性颗粒存在于何处以及这种材料的状态/形式，而且还有多个受损反应堆堆芯的状态以及与最终燃料碎片回收有关的退役挑战。关于从该地点的三个核反应堆中释放物质的情况，已经对从气溶胶采样器、植物表面、大量沉积物甚至衣服上回收的微观物质进行了大量研究。对从这些样本中提取的颗粒物进行的这种研究提供了对事故性质/原因、其环境遗留问题以及更重要的是在即将开始的清理活动期间将面临的条件的随机洞察。放射性和化学毒性污染（其中大部分是微米级的，易于吸入），以建立一个跨机构的平台（得到原子能机构、塞拉菲尔德有限公司、日本原子能机构和许多国际研究组织），关于微粒位置的信息可以与实验得出的信息相结合（例如结构、形式、组成）。这样一个合作平台将：（i）加速了解与这种无形材料相关的环境危害，最重要的是在未来十年，（ii）提供所需的物理数据，以支持使用布里斯托大学“Rad Hard”钻石探测系统等系统进行的现场（反应堆）测量。

The accident at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011 represents one of the worst radioactive release events to have ever occurred. In the aftermath of the event approximately 160,000 people were evacuated from their homes - many of whom are still to return due to the high levels of radiation that surround the plant. While eight years have now passed since the multi-reactor incident, there still exists a considerable gap in the connected knowledge of not only where the radioactive particulate released during the accident exists and the state/form of such material, but also the state of the multiple damaged reactor cores and the resulting decommissioning challenges associated with the eventual fuel debris retrievals.Since the accident, and release of material from three of the site's nuclear reactors, there have been numerous studies on the microscopic material recovered from aerosol samplers, plant surfaces, bulk sediments and even articles of clothing. Such studies on the particulate extracted from these samples have provided stochastic insight into the nature/cause of the accident, its environmental legacy and more-importantly the conditions that will be faced during the soon to commence clean-up activities.The outcome of this project seeks to consolidate the multinational fragmented knowledge on this harmful, radioactive and chemotoxic contamination (most of which is easily inhalable being of micron-scale) to produce a cross-institutional platform (supported by the IAEA, Sellafield Ltd, JAEA and numerous international research organisations) on which information pertaining to the particulates location can be combined with experimentally-derived information (e.g. structure, form, composition). Such a collaborative platform would; (i) accelerate the understanding of the environmental hazards associated with this invisible material, and most-importantly over the next decade, (ii) provide the required physical data to support in-situ (reactor) measurements made using systems such as the University of Bristol "Rad Hard" Diamond Detection system.