Fundamental Physics in Gravitational Wave Signals

广义相对论和基础物理的检验是地基和天基激光干涉引力波探测器使命的重要组成部分。已经确定了许多有趣的场景，其中新的基础物理学被印在引力波信号上。理想情况下，人们希望超越测试广义相对论与数据的拟合程度（零和一致性测试），并直接面对替代方案。从引力波数据中提取新的物理学并可能对其进行解释是一项具有挑战性的任务。识别广义相对论、标准模型或标准宇宙学模型之外的引力波特征，并产生精确的波形来量化潜在的偏差，是这一过程的重要组成部分。未来对这种波形的需求将变得越来越迫切。我们建议的中心目标是应对这一挑战。我们将开始一项计划，使我们能够将我们在基础物理学和宇宙学方面的重要专业知识转移到引力波信号建模中，并致力于产生可用于LIGO，丽莎和未来激光干涉仪的波形，以检测或约束新的基础物理学。特别是，我们将追求以下研究路线：-广义相对论的替代配方作为提高产生波形的数值模拟效率的手段。- 二进制的数值建模和超越广义相对论和标准模型的完整波形的产生。非微扰效应（例如动态标量化）对波形的螺旋和/或合并部分的影响。超越广义相对论的极端质量比Inspiral-来自早期宇宙过程的引力波签名，包括相变，随机信号和宇宙弦网络。新光场（如轴子）的引力波测试及其与引力的耦合。研究对宇宙学常数问题（退化、相变、调谐）的解释可能对中子星结构和相应波形产生的影响。

Tests of General Relativity and Fundamental Physics is an important part of the mission of both ground based and space-based laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors. Numerous interesting scenarios have been identified, in which new fundamental physics is imprinted on gravitational wave signals. Ideally, one wants to go beyond testing how well General Relativity fits the data (null and consistency test) and confront it directly with alternative scenarios. Extracting new physics from gravitational wave data and potentially interpreting it is a challenging task. Identifying gravitational wave signatures of scenarios beyond general relativity, the standard model, or the standard cosmological model and producing accurate waveforms that quantify potential deviations are an essential part of this process. The need for such waveforms will become more and more acute in the future. The central goal of our proposal is to address this challenge. We will commence a programme that will allow us to transfers our significant expertise in fundamental physics and cosmology into gravitational wave signal modelling and work towards producing waveforms that can be used by LIGO, LISA and future laser interferometers to detect or constrain new fundamental physics. In particular, we will pursue the following lines of research:- Alternative formulations of general relativity as the means to improve efficiency of numerical simulations that produce waveforms. - Numerical modelling of binaries and production of complete waveforms beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model.- The imprint of non-perturbative effects (e.g. dynamical scalarization) on the inspiral and/or merger part of a waveform.- Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral beyond general relativity- Gravitational wave signatures from early universe processes, including phase transitions, stochastic signals, and cosmic string networks.- Gravitational wave tests of new light fields (e.g. axion) and their coupling to gravity.- Studying the imprint of proposed explanations to the cosmological constant problem (degravitation, phase transitions, tuning) can have on neutron stars structure and the corresponding waveforms.