DD-DSM: Demonstration of Distributed Demand-side Management as a service to the UK grid operator

减少我们对化石燃料发电的依赖的挑战之一是，风能、太阳能、海洋和核能等低碳替代品并不那么容易控制。这使得电网运营商很难持续地平衡发电量和需求(这是电力系统运行的基本要求)。能源储存可能会有所帮助，但在所需的规模上仍然很昂贵。对需求进行一定程度的控制可能是一种经济上的替代方案，被称为需求侧管理(DSM)。在许多情况下，电气负荷，如空调，可以稍微提前或推迟运行，而不会降低其性能。这被称为负载转移，这是DSM非常有用的一个方面。适用于DSM的负荷可以单独很小，并且可以分布在整个网络中；为DSM使用许多此类负荷的系统称为分布式DSM，这是本项目的主题。拉夫堡的团队将为TSB演示项目贡献系统建模和控制架构专业知识，该项目旨在将分布式DSM(D-DSM)作为一项服务展示给英国电网运营商。这将提供快速反应，以减少对传统发电的依赖，以实现电网平衡和安全，从而允许更多的可再生能源渗透，并有助于最大限度地利用现有资产。该项目将提供商用空调(空调)控制的大规模演示，管理的需求总计高达兆瓦级。该项目还将提供通信、计量和薪酬框架。该框架是可扩展的，适用于扩展到其他类型的分布式需求和分布式能源的控制(例如，家用智能家电和分布式热电联产)。这项技术在英国广泛应用的价值和范围(在财务和碳节约方面)将通过软件建模和实际试验的结果来确定。

One of the challenges of reducing our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation is that the low-carbon alternatives, wind, solar, marine and nuclear, are not so easily controllable. This makes it difficult for the grid operator to continuously balance the generation with the demand (a fundamental requirement of power system operation). Energy storage can help but remains expensive on the required scale. Having some control over the demand can be an economic alternative and is known as Demand Side Management (DSM). In many cases, an electrical load, such as air-conditioning, can be operated a little earlier or later without degrading its performance. This is known as Load Shifting and is a very useful aspect of DSM. Loads amenable to DSM can be quite small individually and can be geographically spread throughout the network; a system to employ many such loads for DSM is known as Distributed DSM and is the subject of this project.The team at Loughborough will contribute system modelling and control architecture expertise to a TSB demonstration project, which aims to demonstrate Distributed DSM (D-DSM) as a service to the UK grid operator. This will provide fast response in order to reduce reliance on conventional generation for grid balancing and security and thus permit much greater penetration of renewables and aid in maximising the use of existing assets. The project will deliver a large-scale demonstration of the control of commercial air-conditioning (a/c), with the managed demand aggregating up to the order of megawatts. The project will also deliver a communications, metering and remuneration framework. This framework will be scalable and suitable for extension to other types of distributed demand and to the control of distributed energy resources (e.g. domestic smart appliances and distributed CHP). The value and scope for wide-scale application of the technology across the UK (in terms of financial and carbon savings) will be determined via software modelling and the results of the practical trial.