Smoking progression among culturally diverse youth

尽管全国范围内都在努力禁烟，但在过去十年中，吸烟在不同种族/文化的青少年中有所增加。尽管许多研究和烟草控制项目都集中在青少年吸烟的许多具体方面，但青少年从从不吸烟者到易感非吸烟者、吸烟实验者和经常吸烟者的过程还没有得到充分的调查。青少年吸烟的显著种族和文化差异表明文化适应、媒体和社会影响在吸烟习得中的重要性。本项目通过纵向数据，从两个队列中，17500名七年级学生，12500名来自美国种族最多样化的加利福尼亚州，5000名来自中国武汉，一个拥有700万汉族人口的中等工业省会，试图了解不同文化和种族的青少年吸烟的发展过程。通过跨文化和跨学科的方法，从从不吸烟者到易受影响的非吸烟者，再到吸烟实验，最后到经常吸烟者，包括上瘾和吸烟的人，将进行研究。除了支持吸烟的媒体，社会影响（父母和同伴），文化适应在预测吸烟进展中的作用将被详细检查。还将进行跨种族、跨国家和跨性别的比较，以深入了解吸烟进程中的性别和种族差异。该项目的研究结果将有助于制定有效的反吸烟干预措施，以适应我们日益多元文化的社会。

Despite the nationwide anti-smoking efforts, cigarette smoking has increased among adolescents across ethnicity/culture in the last decade. Although numerous studies and tobacco control programs have focused on many specific aspects of cigarette smoking among adolescents, the process by which adolescents program from never smokers to susceptible non-smokers, smoking experimenters, and regular smokers has not been sufficiently investigated. The dramatic ethnic and cultural differences in cigarette smoking among adolescents suggests the importance of acculturation, media and social influences in smoking acquisition. With longitudinal data from two cohorts, 17,500 7th graders, 12,500 from California, a state with the most ethnically diverse population in the United States, and 5,000 from Wuhan, China, a mid-level industrial provincial capital with 7 million Han population, this project seeks to understand the progression process of cigarette smoking among adolescents across culture and ethnicity. With a cross-culture and transdisciplinary approach, the progression from never smokers to susceptible non-smokers, to smoking experimentation and, finally to regular smokers including addicted and chipper smokers will be examined. In addition to pro-tobacco media, social influences (parents and peers), the role of acculturation in predicting smoking progression will be examined in detail. Cross-ethnicity, cross-country and cross- gender comparisons will also be made to gain inside into gender and ethnic differences in cigarette smoking progressions. The findings from this project will facilitate the development of effective anti-smoking interventions geared toward our increasingly multi-cultural society.