DYNAMIC MACAQUE BASAL GANGLIA SACCADE NETWORKS

描述(摘自申请者的摘要)：基底节 在控制眼球跳动方面有很强的牵连 临床和实验研究。动眼神经功能不全的患者 锥体外系疾病，如帕金森氏症和亨廷顿病，以及 纹状体和其他基底节核团的损害或失活 在实验中产生这样的缺陷。纹状体的动眼神经区域是 以尾状核为中心。这个核团投射到黑质， 网状部(SNR)，它又投射到上丘。 有证据表明，这个回路是眼跳的释放回路。这个 用常规单机对动眼区域进行了深入的研究 高度过度训练的猕猴的记录方法。这些研究的结果 实验表明，尾状体动眼区的单个单位 核团的反应特性类似于眼跳相关区域的反应特性 额叶皮质，包括额叶眼场(FEF)，补充 视场(SEF)和背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)。这些措施包括 视觉引导和记忆引导任务以及顺序扫视中的反应 任务。然而，目前还不知道这个群体的活动。 纹状体动眼带的眼跳相关神经元(OMZ-S或其 皮质-基底节与FEF、SEF和DLPFC呈环状分布。也不知道它是如何 活动在动眼神经区域及其相关的皮质环中受到调节 随着猴子获得程序性学习任务，行为被认为是核心 基底节的功能。我们假设在学习神经元的过程中 纹状体的动眼动区将逐渐表现出更多的任务相关 在过度训练期间，人口级别的编码将 出现在这个动眼区域。我们进一步假设，在时间上 大脑皮质-基底节环将出现协调的活动模式 在学习过程中，这些将是可以检测到的慢性多单位 录制方法。我们建议在初步研究的基础上进行实验 在1-2周内从最初天真的猕猴开始记录，因为它们 学习程序性扫视任务。使用多个四极管、立体管和 在传统电极的基础上，我们提出了研究多单位神经活动的方法。 纹状体眼运动区在获取(目标1)，以研究 运动期间动眼神经区域的功能局域网络体系结构 (目标2)，并同时研究皮质-基底节环的活动。 纹状体动眼动区的全息记录 FEF、SEF和DLPFC(目标3)。所获得的结果将对 了解前脑动眼神经控制回路 锥体外系疾病的动眼神经缺陷。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The basal ganglia have been strongly implicated in the control of saccadic eye movements on the basis of clinical and experimental studies. Oculomotor defects occur in patients with extrapyramidal disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, and lesions or inactivation of the striatum and other basal ganglia nuclei can produce such defects experimentally. The oculomotor zone of the striatum is centered in the caudate nucleus. This nucleus projects to the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNr), which in turn projects to the superior colliculus. Evidence suggests that this circuit is a release circuit for saccades. The oculomotor zone has been investigated intensively with conventional single unit recording methods in highly over-trained macaques. The results of these experiments suggest that single units in the oculomotor zone of the caudate nucleus have response properties that resemble those in saccade-related regions of the frontal cortex, including the frontal eye field (FEF), the supplementary eye field (SEF) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These include responses in visually guided and memory-guided tasks and in sequential saccade tasks. Nothing is yet known, however, about the ensemble activity of saccade-related neurons in the oculomotor zone of the striatum (OMZ-S), or its cortico-basal ganglia loops with the FEF, SEF and DLPFC. Nor is it known how activity is modulated in the oculomotor zone and its associated cortical loops as monkeys acquire procedural learning tasks, behavior thought to be a core function of the basal ganglia. We hypothesize that during learning neurons in the oculomotor zone of the striatum will show progressively more task-related activity and that during the overtraining period population-level coding will emerge in this oculomotor zone. We further hypothesize that temporally coordinated patterns of activity will emerge in cortico-basal ganglia loops during learning and that these will be detectable using chronic multi-unit recording methods. We propose experiments based on preliminary studies to record chronically in 1-2 week bouts from initially naive macaques as they learn procedural saccade tasks. Using multiple tetrodes, stereotrodes and conventional electrodes, we Propose to study multi-unit neural activity in the oculomotor zone of the striatum during acquisition (Aim 1), to study the functional local network architecture of the oculomotor zone during performance (Aim 2), and to study activity in cortico-basal ganglia loops with simultaneous ensemble recordings in the oculomotor zone of the striatum together with the FEF, SEF and DLPFC (Aim 3). The results obtained will have significance for understanding forebrain oculomotor control circuits and for understanding oculomotor defects in extrapyramidal disorders.