RETENTION OF DIETARY FLUORIDE BY INFANTS

氟化物主要通过牙齿表面的局部作用来预防龋齿，而釉质氟中毒完全是全身性的。流行病学数据有力地表明，在某些情况下，婴儿期的氟摄入量是导致恒牙氟中毒的一个因素。婴儿喂奶的含氟量差别很大，从含氟量极低的母乳到含氟量超过1000微克/升的含氟水配方奶粉。以下问题将被解决：(1)目前婴儿喂养方案提供的大范围氟化物摄入量导致氟的保留情况如何？(2)大豆配方奶粉对氟化物的吸收比牛奶配方奶粉更差吗？通过对正常婴儿进行代谢平衡研究，这些问题将得到解答。预计结果将表明，氟化物滞留率与氟摄入量成正比，当喂食含氟水重组的配方粉时，氟化物滞留率将比喂入即食配方时高得多。当喂食浓缩液配方时，氟化物滞留应该是中间的。所有配方奶粉的氟化物滞留量都将高于文献中报告的母乳喂养婴儿的氟化物滞留量。拟议的研究将获得制定关于婴儿氟化物摄入量的合理建议所需的数据。

Fluoride protects against dental caries primarily through local effects at the tooth surface, whereas enamel fluorosis is entirely of systemic origin. Epidemiologic data strongly suggest that, under some conditions, fluoride intake during infancy is a causative factor in development of fluorosis of the permanent teeth. Feedings for infants differ very widely with regard to fluoride content, ranging from breast milk with its extremely low fluoride content to powder formulas reconstituted with fluoridated water, which have fluoride concentrations in excess of 1000 mug/L. The following questions will be addressed: (1) What is the retention of fluoride resulting from the wide range of fluoride intakes provided by current infant feeding regimens? (2) Is fluoride absorbed less well from soy formulas than from milk-based formulas? These questions will be answered with the use of metabolic balance studies in normal infants. It is expected that the results will show that fluoride retention is proportional to fluoride intake and that fluoride retention will be much higher when powder formulas reconstituted with fluoridated water are fed than when ready-to-feed formulas are fed. Fluoride retention should be intermediate when concentrated liquid formulas are fed. Fluoride retention with all formulas will be higher than fluoride retention reported in the literature for breast-fed infants. The proposed research will obtain the data necessary for developing sound recommendations regarding fluoride intake by infants.