'Anglo-Saxon perceptions of the city of Rome: correspondence and exchange in the 7th and 8th centuries

我的研究考察了盎格鲁-撒克逊人对罗马城的看法，这些看法是通过七世纪和八世纪的文本来源获得的。公元七世纪初，教皇格里高利大帝从罗马城派遣了一群传教士，目的是让盎格鲁-撒克逊人皈依基督教。接下来的两个世纪见证了盎格鲁-撒克逊人的皈依和基督教化时期，他们融入了基督教文化的各个方面。尽管英国、爱尔兰和墨洛温王朝的神职人员都对盎格鲁-撒克逊人的皈依做出了贡献，但盎格鲁-撒克逊人后来认为，他们皈依基督教的原因是罗马城。罗马城的自然景观对盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰基督教的发展产生了强烈的影响。那些建造了第一批教堂的人模仿了罗马教堂的结构、风格和奉献精神，这座城市很快就开始吸引朝圣者和那些寻求基督教精神和物质文化方面的人，这些方面在盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰还没有找到。盎格鲁-撒克逊人在罗马写的文本经常被带回英格兰，这些文本通常包括对城市及其内部事件的描述。这些都是来自罗马的书面文件，比如旅行和朝圣的书面记录，以及教皇发给盎格鲁-撒克逊收件人的书面信件。本论文将研究这些文本源材料的语料库，以了解盎格鲁-撒克逊人对罗马城的文本认知。所分析的文本包括在叙事文本中发现的对城市的描述，其中一些是在罗马本身编写和传播的。书面通信项目，如教皇发给盎格鲁-撒克逊收件人的拉丁文信件，提供了另一种文本感知途径。盎格鲁-撒克逊朝圣者的书面旅行记录，以及与盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰人分享的记录，也提供了一套文本来源。从这些来源中获得的对城市的文本感知将与社会学和人类学的“地点感知”理论的考虑以及盎格鲁-撒克逊人在更广泛的基督教世界中对自己地理位置的理解理论相结合进行分析。这些文本幸存下来的手稿证据将是我研究的核心。对手稿证据的分析将集中在剧本的选择、写作材料和这些文本的物质性上，以及这些对接收和阅读它们的盎格鲁-撒克逊人的影响。这种影响可以从他们对罗马文字的模仿和某些文本的保存和传播中看出，而不是从其他中心（如墨洛温高卢或爱尔兰）获得的文本。本文试图从一个新的角度来探讨基督教作为一种宗教发展的这一形成时期及其对盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰文化的影响。本研究还将考虑是否有可能谈论一般的文本感知，或者这种感知是否根据文本的媒介和类型以及观众对罗马城的预先存在的知识而变化。

My research examines Anglo-Saxon perceptions of the city of Rome gained by textual sources in the seventh and eighth centuries. At the beginning of the seventh century, a group of missionaries were sent from the City of Rome by Pope Gregory the Great in order to convert the Anglo-Saxon people to Christianity. The following two centuries witnessed a period of conversion and Christianisation as the Anglo-Saxons assimilated themselves to all aspects of Christian culture. Although British, Irish and Merovingian clergy all contributed to the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, it was the City of Rome which the Anglo-Saxons would look back on as the place to which they owed their conversion to Christianity. The physical landscape of the City of Rome had a strong impact upon the development of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England. Those who built the first churches imitated the structure, style and dedication of those in Rome, and the City quickly began to attract pilgrims and those seeking aspects of Christian intellectual and material culture which could not yet be found in Anglo-Saxon England. Texts were frequently brought back to Anglo-Saxon England which had been written in Rome and often included descriptions of the City and events within it. These were amongst other written documents arriving from Rome, such as written accounts of travel and pilgrimage, and written correspondence sent from the Papacy to Anglo-Saxon recipients. This thesis will examine this corpus of textual source material in order to understand the textual perceptions of the city of Rome gained by Anglo-Saxons. The texts under analysis include descriptions of the City found in narrative texts, some of which were written in and disseminated from Rome itself. Items of written correspondence such as Latin letters sent by the papacy to Anglo-Saxon recipients, provide another avenue of textual perception. Written records of travel made by Anglo-Saxon pilgrims and shared with those back in Anglo-Saxon England also provide a set of of textual sources. The textual perception of the City gained from these sources will be analysed in conjunction with a consideration of sociological and anthropological theories of 'perception of place', and theories of the Anglo-Saxons' understanding of their own geographical place in the wider Christian world. The surviving manuscript evidence of these texts will be the heart of my research. Analysis of the manuscript evidence will focus on the choice of script, writing material and the physicality of these texts, and the impact of this on the Anglo-Saxons who received and read them. This impact can be seen through their imitation of Roman scripts and the preservation and dissemination of certain texts, compared to the texts acquired from other centres such as those in Merovingian Gaul or Ireland. This thesis seeks to provide a new angle from which to approach this formative period in the development of Christianity as a religion and its influence on the culture of Anglo-Saxon England. This research will also consider whether it is possible to speak of a general textual perception, or whether this perception was varied depending on the medium and genre of the text, and the audience's pre-existing knowledge of the city of Rome.