ADOLESCENT TRAJECTORIES FOR HOMELESSNESS & RISK FOR HIV

描述(摘自摘要)：许多研究已经告诉我们 青年中长期无家可归者感染艾滋病毒的重大风险 在美国和澳大利亚，尽管这些研究通常是 方便的横截面或样本。要了解快感 年长无家可归青年的血清阳性率、发育轨迹 进入和离开艾滋病毒和无家可归的风险最好的理解是 首次逃亡的纵向研究(FTR)。在这些年轻人中，背景 因素(国家、社区支持、街头体验、同伴和 家庭)可以识别和观察这些轨迹 时间到了。要获得策略和提供程序上下文的对比，请进行比较 澳大利亚和美国的自由贸易权之间的关系被提议。澳大利亚不同于 美国的减少伤害政策，针头交换，国家计划 积极的性健康，以及社区的组织和分布 为无家可归的青年提供资源。将招募一名具有代表性的FTR样本 在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶和澳大利亚墨尔本(n=480)，按性别分层(120名男性和 每个城市120名女性；年龄11-17岁)。在各个城市，信息将被 在招聘时收集，间隔3、6、12、18、24、30和36个月，从 关于四个领域的青年：1)个人感染艾滋病毒的风险(药物使用和 性行为)和长期无家可归；2)街头经历(每天 活动、生存战略、暴力、犯罪行为和 学校/就业模式)和个人资源(社会标识、目标、 应对方式、精神困扰)；3)同伴危险行为的较量 和社区因素(例如服务提供商、政策因素和非正式因素 网络)，影响年轻人对无家可归的反应；以及4) 青年及其家庭的背景特征。为了进一步 了解青年艾滋病毒相关问题的社会和结构背景 根据发展轨迹，对自由贸易区的经验评估将是 辅之以从另外三个案例收集的定性案例描述 资料来源：1)有经验的离家出走人员样本的年度经验评估 (每年收集三个横断面样本，每个城市n=200)，以便 描述随着时间的推移无家可归文化的差异和漂移 随着时间的推移，有经验的逃亡者和FTR之间的相似性/差异性； 2)#年离家出走人员艾滋病毒相关政策和服务提供者案例研究 每个城市(n=20)；以及3)对FTR子集的定性访谈 他们的社交网络(n=25个/城市)。结果将被用于设计 针对FTR的干预措施，以降低他们感染艾滋病毒的风险，并针对可能 影响他们的轨迹，以增加或降低艾滋病毒和 成为长期无家可归的人。

DESCRIPTION (Taken from abstract): A number of studies have informed us about the substantial risk for HIV associated with chronic homelessness among youth in both the U.S. and Australia, even though these studies have typically been cross-sectional or samples of convenience. To understand the high seroprevalence rates among older homeless youth, the developmental trajectories into and out of risk for HIV and homelessness can best be understood from longitudinal studies of First Time Runaways (FTR). Among these youth contextual factors (the national, community supports, street experiences, peers, and family) that influence these trajectories can be identified and observed over time. To obtain a contrast for the policy and provider context, comparisons between FTR in Australia and the U.S. are proposed. Australia differs from the U.S. in policies of harm reduction, needle exchange, national programs for positive sexual health, and the organization and distribution of community resources for homeless youth. A representative sample of FTR will be recruited in LA, CA and Melbourne, Australia (n=480) stratified by gender (120 males & 120 females per city; aged 11-17 years). Across cities, information will be collected at recruitment, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 month intervals from youth regarding four domains: 1) the individual's risk for HIV (substance use & sexual behaviors) and chronic homelessness; 2) street experiences (daily activities, survival strategies, violence, delinquent acts and school/employment patterns) and personal resources (social identifiers, goals, coping styles, psychiatric distress); 3) the contest of the peers' risk acts and community factors (e.g. service provider, policy factors, and informal networks) that influence youth's response to becoming homeless; and 4) background characteristics of the youth and their families. To further understand the social and structural context of youth's HIV-related developmental trajectories, the empirical assessments of the FTR will be complemented by qualitative case descriptions gathered from three additional sources: 1) annual empirical assessment of samples of Experienced Runaways (three cross-sectional samples gathered annually, n=200 per city), in order to describe differences in the culture of homelessness over time and the drift over time in the similarity/differences between Experienced Runaways and FTR; 2) case studies of HIV-related policies and service providers for runaways in each city (n=20); and 3) qualitative interviews of a subset of FTR regarding their social networks (n=25/city). The results will be used to design interventions for FTR to reduce their risk for HIV and for providers who may influence their trajectories into increasing or decreasing risk for HIV and becoming chronically homeless.