FUNCTIONAL OPTICAL IMAGING OF BRAIN INJURY (F NIRI)

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：神经活动 在认知任务中大脑的潜在功能可以可靠地 由密切相关的局部血流动力学反应指示。 这 反应不仅可以表征功能活动，还可以表征功能 解剖学 PET是一种利用血管内放射性标记的 正电子发射示踪剂，可以测量局部脑血流量。 功能性（f）MRI使用血氧水平依赖性成像（BOLD）， 提供的信息主要依赖于血氧、血液 脱氧血红蛋白和流动效应。 对于功能磁共振成像，特别是对 初级视觉皮层对光刺激的反应，其中5秒 在刺激后，信号有很大的变化， 脱氧血红蛋白减少 因此，fMRI信号允许空间和 光信号的时间共配准和验证，并且将 每年进行50次测试。 基于对受照动物的光学研究 脑（Grinvald，A.等人（1991）），血液浓度及其 氧合可以通过分光光度法测定。 经颅研究 通过光子迁移技术， 使用连续或快速调制的光，首先用于频率 域来识别由函数引起的特征频率 前额叶皮层的活动（变化，B。等人（1993））。 定位 前额叶皮层的反应，这是一个长期的问题， 本文采用9光源、4探测器的连续光源， 成像仪（CWI），采用改良的C.T.算法 该成像仪采集 每点0.4秒的数据，整体成像采集和显示 每幅图像的时间约为10秒。 成像仪给出了血氧的形状， 血药浓度响应分辨至约1 cm，并显示 反应，感觉运动约为0.1 deltaOD， 枕部反应，以及基于182 图像. 直方图显示验证血容量和血氧饱和度 额前区增加 该装置提供了一种测量 这两个参数的局部变化，以响应各种 认知任务，特别是成对的词类比，和两种类型的 模式识别 由于该设备是高度便携的、经济的和 所提供的数据似乎是非常有效的基础研究， 正常对照组（200次测试/年）和 轻度创伤性损伤（30次测试/年）建议用于1-4年， 第3年使用定量装置，第4年使用毛发穿透装置 使用功能磁共振共配准作为“黄金标准”（50/年）。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): Neurological activity underlying the function of the brain in a cognitive task can be reliably indicated by the closely associated local hemodynamic response. This response can characterize, not only functional activity, but also functional anatomy. PET is a technique that employs intravascular radio labeled positron emitting tracers and can measure regional cerebral blood flow. Functional (f)MRI uses blood oxygen level dependent imaging (BOLD) and affords information primarily dependent upon both blood oxygen, blood deoxyhemoglobin and on flow effects. For fMRI, particularly studies of the response of the primary visual cortex by photic stimulation where 5 sec after the stimulus, there is a large change of signal which is interpreted as a decrease of deoxyghemoglobin. Thus fMRI signal allows spatio and temporal coregistration and validation of the optical signal and will be used in 50 tests per year. Based upon optical studies of the exposed animal brain (Grinvald, A. et al. (1991)), both blood concentration and its oxygenation can be determined spectophotometrically. Transcranial studies of the adult human brain is made possible by photon migration techniques using continuous or rapidly modulated light, first used in the frequency domain to identify characteristics frequencies induced by functional activity of the prefrontal cortex (Change, B. et al.(1993)). Localization of the response in the pre-frontal cortex, a chronic problem with the optical method, is studied here by a 9-source, 4-detector continuous light imager (CWI) operating with a modified C.T. algorithm. This imager acquires data at 0.4 sec per point with an overall imaged acquisition and display time of ~10 sec per image. The imager gives shapes of blood oxygenation and blood concentration responses resolved to ~1 cm and showing magnitudes of response, approximately 0.1 deltaOD for sensory motor 0.03 deltaOD for occipital responses, and 0.03 deltaOD for cognitive responses based upon 182 images. The histogram displays validate the blood volume and oyxgenation increases in the pre-frontal region. The apparatus affords a measure of localized changes of these two parameters in response to a variety of cognitive tasks, particularly paired word analogies, and two types of pattern recognition. Since the apparatus is highly portable, economical and the data presented appear to be highly efficacious, basic research on pre-frontal responses of normal controls (200 tests/yr) and patients with mild traumatic injury (30 tests/yr) is proposed for year 1-4 with a more quantitative apparatus in year 3, and a hair penetrating apparatus in year 4 using fMRI co-registration as the "Gold Standard" (50/year).