PLASTICITY IMPLICATIONS--RECOVERY OF FUNCTION AFTER INJURY TO MOTOR CORTEX

评估两国关系的困难之一 皮质损伤/重组和功能缺陷/恢复之间的关系 任何中风模型中的可变性问题。患者人数为 在损坏的数量和位置方面是不同的 皮质领土，以及相应的严重程度和类型的物理 减损。在中风的猴子模型中也是如此，在那里闭塞 大脑中动脉在大脑的同一点产生了 不同的功能结果以及不同的损伤区域 大脑。幸运的是，我们现在能够非侵入性地确定 中风后脑部受损区域的磁共振成像研究 (核磁共振)技术在人类和猴子中都是如此。此外，使用 许多神经元记录技术的出现，我们可以利用这些信息 从实验猴子的MRI扫描中收集以指导放置 记录电极毗邻永久性受损的皮质区域或 进入完全健康的皮质区域。这项技术还允许我们 每天检查更改。在项目3中，我们建议使用这些 跟随与职能相关的重组变化的技术 在分析的单个单位层面上进行回收。我们的目标是测试 通过皮层记录进行皮质重组的特定假说 对运动控制很重要并可能参与的区域 闭塞后功能恢复过程中的代偿性重组 大脑中动脉或纹状被膜梗死后。这两个 之所以选择实验操作类型，是因为它们模仿的 常见的中风类型见于人类，也是研究的中风类型 项目1和2中的人类患者。项目4中的实验将 允许我们开始解开皮质区域的位置，当 受损会导致行为缺陷，也会导致 中风后行为功能的恢复。拟议中的实验 代表了探索大脑皮层之间关系的初步努力 以这种方式重组和恢复功能。在短期内， 具体的方法将开始解开复杂的关系 在受损的皮质区域之间，重组皮质区域，以及 行为表现。从长远来看，这样的知识展示允许 更准确的预测和康复策略的设计 对于任何给定的皮质损伤模式都是最佳的。

One of the difficulties associated with evaluating the relationship between cortical damage/reorganization and functional deficit/recovery is the issue of variability in any stroke model. The patient population is heterogeneous with regard to both the amount and location of damaged cortical territory and, accordingly, the severity and type of physical impairment. This is also true in monkey models of stroke where occlusions of the middle cerebral artery at the same point in the brain gives rise to variable functional outcomes as well as variable regions of damage to the brain. Fortunately, we are now able to non-invasively determine the regions of the brain damaged after stroke with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in humans and monkeys alike. Additionally, with the advent of the many neuron recording technique, we can use the information gathered from the MRI scans in experimental monkeys to guide placement of recording electrodes adjacent to permanently damaged regions of cortex or into totally healthy regions of cortex. This technique also allows us to examine changes on a daily basis. In Project 3 we propose to use these technologies to follow reorganizational changes correlated with functional recovery at the single unit level of analysis. Our goal is to test specific hypotheses of cortical reorganization by recording from cortical regions that are important for motor control and likely to be involved in compensatory reorganization during recovery of function after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or after striato-capsullary infarcts. These two types of experimental manipulation are chosen because they mimic the most common types of strokes seen in humans and are the types of stroke studied in human patients in projects 1 & 2. The experiments in project 4 will allow us to begin to unravel the location of cortical region that when damaged give rise to behavioral deficits as well as those implicated in the recovery of behavioral function after stroke. The proposed experiments represent initial efforts to explore the relationship between cortical reorganization and recovery of function in this manner. In the short term, the specific approach will begin to unravel the complex relationships between damaged cortical territories, reorganizing cortical domains, and behavioral performance. In the long term such knowledge show allow for more accurate prognoses and the design of rehabilitative strategies that are optimal for any given pattern for cortical damage.