Modelling Radiation Transfer through Tissue

通过复杂系统（如组织）的辐射传输可以使用蒙特卡罗技术进行建模。拟议中的博士项目是研究防晒霜阻挡紫外线辐射的有效性，以及防晒霜透射的任何光线对皮肤细胞中DNA的影响。蒙特卡罗模拟已被确定为一种合适的技术来模拟入射光和防晒剂的吸光度和反射特性。防晒霜可以涂在皮肤上防止紫外线辐射。在大多数防晒霜中，这是通过多种成分的组合来实现的。无机化合物如氧化锌反射或散射紫外线，有机化合物吸收紫外线。防晒霜根据防晒系数（SPF）等级进行分类，这是由国际标准化测试决定的。然而，这个测试并没有复制防晒霜的典型使用方式（例如，防晒霜使用者涂抹在皮肤上的霜的典型量少于推荐厚度的25%）。拟议中的博士项目将包括模拟紫外线如何穿透防晒霜，以及紫外线照射到皮肤上对皮肤细胞中的DNA有什么影响。因此，预计该项目将涉及高水平的跨学科工作。拟议的项目将侧重于物理过程的计算建模。为了准确地做到这一点，实验工作将成为博士学位的一部分，使用苏格兰光动力治疗中心的设备。除了辐射通过皮肤传递的物理特性外，该项目还旨在模拟入射紫外线对细胞生物化学的影响。培训：并行计算实验工作关键词：组织辐射转移

Radiation transfer through complex systems (such as tissue) can be modelled using Monte Carlo techniques. The proposed PhD program is to research the effectiveness of sunscreens in blocking UV radiation, and the effect on DNA in skin cells of any light transmitted by the sunscreen. Monte Carlo simulations have been identified as a suitable technique to simulate the incident light and the absorbance and reflecting properties of sunscreen. Sunscreen can be applied to skin to protect against exposure to UV radiation. In most sunscreens, this is achieved using a combination of ingredients. Inorganic compounds such as zinc oxide reflect or scatter UV light, and organic compounds absorb UV light. Sunscreens are classified by a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rating, which is determined by an internationally standardised test. However, this test does not replicate the way sunscreen is typically used (for example, the typical amount of cream applied to the skin by a sunscreen user amounts to less than 25% of the recommended thickness). The proposed PhD project will involve simulating how UV light penetrates sunscreen, and what impact this incident UV light on the skin has on the DNA in skin cells. As a result, it is envisaged that the project will involve a high level of interdisciplinary work. The proposed project will focus on computational modelling of physical processes. To do this accurately experimental work will form a part of the PhD, using equipment in the Scottish Photodynamic Therapy Centre. Along with the physics of radiation transfer through the skin, the project aims to model the impact of incident UV light on the biochemistry of cells. Training:Parallel computingExperimental work Key words: Tissue Radiation Transfer