TWIN FAMILY STUDY OF VULNERABILITY TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE

描述：(申请人摘要) 寻求五年的续签资金来研究物质的病因学 从发展行为遗传学的角度看虐待(SA)。我们 假设遗传性的SA易感性可能在早期表现出来 青春期：1)人格特征，2)心理生理 标记物，以及3)精神障碍。到目前为止，我们的发现表明 这些因素是a)高度可遗传的，b)区分具有 以及没有SA，c)区分具有和不具有SA父母的个体， D)前瞻性地预测#年毒品和酒精的早期使用情况 青春期中期，和e)预测早发性药物和酒精障碍 青春期晚期。我们也发现了对我们的假设的支持 这些责任表型标记物影响SA风险的部分原因是 增加一个人同时接触和受到影响的可能性 青春期的经验性风险因素和2)性别可能 缓和责任标记、环境风险之间的关联 因素，以及精神活性物质使用障碍的结果。 666个家庭由一对双胞胎和他们的 父母已经完成了为期一天的全面评估 他们1)心理健康和药物使用史，2)个性(评估 积极的情绪性、消极的情绪性以及 行为约束)，3)心理生理标记物(包括大脑 电位[P3和EEG]，自主神经系统测量，眨眼 惊吓和眼球跟踪)，以及3)环境因素(包括家庭 气候、同龄人群体和认知风险因素)。在研究招生时， 双胞胎要么是11岁(试验毒品之前的年龄)，要么是 酒精)或17岁(成人使用药物之前的年龄 模式)。在续期时，这些家庭将完成他们的 在14岁和20岁时进行第一次面对面跟踪(FU1)评估，为期三年 在最初的招生评估后，40%的学生将在 年龄分别为17岁和23岁。大约有一半的儿童处于高危状态 他们的父母有非法药物滥用/依赖或酗酒 依赖。 在接下来的五年里，我们计划1)完成FU2，2)启动FU3 (20岁和26岁)，以及3)分析摄入量和FU数据，将其与 我们对717个女性双胞胎家庭的平行研究(这一研究正在扩大 再增加200个双胞胎家庭)。主要的分析是 在本供资期间开展的工作包括：1)评估 亲本SA，2)双胞胎数据的单变量生物计量分析，3)多个 旨在探索基因-环境的变量生物计量分析 相关分析；4)品种-环境互作效应分析。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Five years of renewal funding are sought to study the etiology of substance abuse (SA) from a developmental behavioral genetic perspective. We hypothesize that an inherited predisposition to SA may be expressed in early adolescence as 1) personality characteristics, 2) psychophysiological markers, and 3) psychiatric disorder. Our findings to date indicate that these factors are a) strongly heritable, b) differentiate individuals with and without SA, c) differentiate individuals with and without an SA parent, d) prospectively predict the early initiation of drug and alcohol use in middle adolescence, and e) predict early onset drug and alcohol disorders in late adolescence. We have also found support for our hypotheses 1) that these phenotypic markers of liability influence SA risk in part by increasing the likelihood that an individual is both exposed to and affected by experiential risk factors during adolescence and 2) that gender may moderate the association between liability markers, environmental risk factors, and a psychoactive substance use disorder outcome. Six-hundred and sixty-six families consisting of a twin pair and their mother and father have completed a daylong, comprehensive assessment of their 1) mental health and substance use history, 2) personality (assessing the broad dimensions of positive emotionality, negative emotionality, and behavioral constraint), 3) psychophysiological markers (including brain potentials [P3 and EEG], autonomic nervous system measures, eye-blink startle, and eye tracking), and 3) environmental factors (including family climate, peer group, and cognitive risk factors). At study intake, the twins were either age 11 (an age prior to experimentation with drugs and alcohol) or age 17 (an age that precedes the adoption of adult substance use patterns). At the time of renewal, these families will have completed their first in-person follow-up (FU1) assessment at ages 14 and 20, three years after their initial intake assessment, and 40% will have completed FU2 at ages 17 and 23. Approximately half the children are at high risk by virtue of their having a parent with illicit drug abuse/dependence or alcohol dependence. During the next five years we propose to 1) complete FU2, 2) initiate FU3 (at ages 20 and 26), and 3) analyze the intake and FU data, comparing it to our parallel study of 717 female twin families (which is being augmented by the addition of another 200 twin families). The primary analyses to be undertaken during this funding period involve: 1) assessing the effects of parental SA, 2) univariate biometric analyses of the twin data, 3) multi variate biometric analyses aimed at exploring genotype-environment correlation, and 4) analysis of genotype-environment interaction effects.