POVERTY, INEQUALITY AND HEALTH IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

我们建议在印度(世界上三分之一的贫困人口居住在那里)和南非(正在同时经历经济、社会和流行病学转型)的一系列家庭调查中收集关于个人健康和经济状况的数据。这些调查将既是方法性的(开发新的问卷，例如改善发病率衡量标准，将社会地位和不平等联系起来，衡量幸福和尊严)，也是实质性的(收集足够的数据，以便进行有意义的分析)。调查问卷将收集广泛的消费和收入信息，以及身体、心理和社会健康的自我报告、人体测量和临床测量，对数据的分析将探索金钱和健康之间的一系列联系。这些调查将涵盖所有年龄段的人，但不会只关注老年人；印度和南非的养老金以及南非的儿童补助金的影响令人非常感兴趣。该提案还包括在两个国家和国际上进行二级数据分析，以及将新数据与以前的信息联系起来，例如人口普查和国家抽样调查。拟议研究的一条重要路线是根据(最近才能获得的)全国抽样调查，为印度80个地区建立一个关于相关消费、收入、教育和健康指标的横截面时间序列，这是一个以前很少使用的数据宝库，包括教育、老龄化和健康。我们还提出了关于预期寿命差异对储蓄的影响的理论和实证工作，无论是在国家内部还是在国家之间。

We propose to collect data on individuals' health and economic status in a series of household surveys in India (where a third of the world's poor live) and in South Africa (which is experiencing simultaneous economic, social, and epidemiological transitions). The surveys will be both methodological (developing new questionnaires, e.g. to improve morbidity measures, to link social standing and inequality, to measure happiness and dignity) and substantive (collecting sufficient data for meaningful analysis). The questionnaires will collect a wide range of consumption and income information, in addition to self-reported, anthropometric, and clinical measures of physical, mental, and social health, and the analysis of the data will explore a range of links between money and health. The surveys will cover people of all ages, but will have a non-exclusive focus on the elderly; the effects of pensions in both India and South Africa, and of child grants in South Africa are of great interest. The proposal also covers secondary data analysis in both countries, and internationally, as well as the linking of the new data with previous information, e.g. from censuses and national sample surveys. An important line of proposed research is the construction of a time-series of cross- sections for the 80 regions of India on linked consumption, income, education, and health measures from the (only recently available) National Sample Surveys, a mine of data, including education, aging, and health, that has been previously little used. We also propose theoretical and empirical work on the effects of differences in life-expectancy on saving, both within and across countries.