Develop channel selection techniques in octupole deformed nuclei

已经有许多为原子核开发的模型，这些模型对于稳定或接近稳定的核特别有效。然而，重要的是，我们调查这些模型是否适用于远离稳定的核，称为奇异核。这些奇异的原子核是那些在质子和中子数量上存在很大不平衡的原子核，这些原子核将是这个博士项目中感兴趣的原子核。当原子核处于激发态时，它们通常发射伽马射线。如果这些伽马射线的性质被测量，那么它们就可以用来确定原子核的某些性质，比如它们的形状。伽马射线光谱学是确定原子核性质的最有效的方法之一，因为伽马射线是一种高度穿透的辐射形式，并且当使用半导体锗探测器时可以以良好的效率和高能量分辨率进行探测。如果有大量的这些探测器使用，那么多个伽马射线可以在同一时间检测和技术称为伽马射线符合光谱可以使用。有一些设施可以做到这一点，如芬兰JYFL的Jurogamll和芝加哥的Gammashte，那里已经建造了一个大型的半导体探测器阵列。这是两个实验将在整个博士项目进行的设施。我们感兴趣的原子核通常是在产生几率很小的反应中产生的。这意味着开发通道选择技术是一个挑战，其中这些弱产生的核可以从更强的填充核的背景中选择。在这个博士项目中特别感兴趣的原子核是八极形变原子核，也被称为“梨形”原子核。一个被怀疑具有这种形状的核是116 Ba核。意大利的莱尼亚罗国家实验室计划进行一项实验，以研究这种外来的116 Ba核，博士项目的一部分将涉及帮助运行该实验并分析数据。这项实验将涉及使用新的伽利略伽马射线光谱仪沿着欧几里德带电粒子探测器和中子墙中子探测器阵列。分析完成后，将在其他实验室进行以下实验。

There have been a number of models developed for atomic nuclei which work particularly well for stable or near stable nuclei. However, it is important that we investigate if these models are true for the far from stable nuclei, known as exotic nuclei. These exotic nuclei are ones which have a large imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons present, such nuclei will be the ones of interest in this PhD project. When nuclei are in the excited states they usually emit gamma rays. If the properties of these gamma rays are measured then they can be used to determine certain properties of nuclei, such as their shapes. Gamma ray spectroscopy is one of the most efficient ways to determine properties of nuclei as gamma rays are a highly penetrating form of radiation and can be detected with good efficiency and a high energy resolution when using semiconductor germanium detectors. If there are a large number of these detectors used then multiple gamma rays can be detected at the same time and a technique called gamma ray coincidence spectroscopy can be used. There are some facilities in which this can be done, such as Jurogamll at JYFL in Finland and Gammasphere in Chicago, where a large array of semiconductor detectors has been constructed. These are two of the facilities in which experiments will be conducted throughout this PhD project. The nuclei that we are interested in are often produced in reactions with very small production probability. This means that there is a challenge to develop channel selection techniques in which these weakly produced nuclei can be selected from a background of the more strongly populated nuclei. The nuclei that will be of special interest in this PhD project are the octupole deformed nuclei, also known as "pear shaped" nuclei. One nucleus that is suspected to have this shape is the 116Ba nucleus. There is an experiment scheduled in the Legnaro National Laboratory in Italy to study this exotic 116Ba nucleus and part of the PhD project would involve helping to run that experiment and to analyse the data. This experiment will involve using the new Galileo gamma ray spectrometer along with Euclides charged particle detector and the Neutron Wall array of neutron detectors. When this analysis is complete there will be following experiments that will be carried out in the other laboratories.