Growing up during neighbourhood change: The impacts of urban regeneration on the psychosocial health of young people in South East London

这项研究将考察被理解为社区变化过程的城市重建对伦敦东南部年轻人心理社会健康的两个方面--常见的精神障碍(CMD)和幸福感--的影响。使用混合方法和参与式行动研究，与年轻人共同研究，探索他们如何体验邻里转变。年轻人的心理健康令人担忧，一生中有一半的心理健康问题从14岁开始(Smith等人，2015b)。抑郁症和焦虑症等慢性精神疾病在城市环境中的患病率更高(Hatch等人，2011年；)。有证据表明，心理健康的社会经济决定因素表明，在生命过程中处于不利地位与健康状况不佳有关。不太清楚邻里层面的物质和社会环境是否也会影响慢性精神疾病的风险(Polling，2014)。在英国，调查再生对健康和福祉影响的研究很少见，研究结果喜忧参半(Thomson等人，2006；Smith等人，2012；Huxley和Roger，2006)。这些人通常不包括16岁以下的年轻人(Smith等人，2015a)。伦敦东南部正在进行广泛的重建计划，驱逐率高于全国平均水平，报告CMD的成年人口比例为24.2%(Lees和White，2016；Hatch等人，2011)。这项研究将得到伦敦东南部社区健康研究(SELCoH)的支持，提供当地的纵向定量数据。方法：研究将利用SELCoH数据进行定量分析，并进行定性的参与性行动研究。参与性行动研究有助于引入一个灵活、合作和社会自主的进程(Kindon，Pain&Kesby，2007)，这将为年轻人提供一个平台，让他们就设计和管理可持续的邻里变化发表意见。目标1a。对有关城市更新以及邻里空间、建筑、环境和社会特征对心理健康和福祉的影响的文献进行批判性审查；目标1b。审查国家和地方的更新政策、计划、目标和特征，以塑造和影响伦敦东南部的更新；目标2.调查社区特征和CMD之间的关系，并检查它们如何随年龄和地区的变化而变化；这将涉及对来自SELCoH的纵向数据的二级数据分析。SELCoH研究是英国对1698名16岁及以上成年人进行的精神和身体发病率调查，他们居住在南沃克和兰贝斯区(2008-2010)随机选择的1075户家庭中。将进行初步描述性分析，按家庭分类。多项式和Logistic回归模型将被用来估计邻居特征和CMD之间的联系，以及它们如何随年龄变化。使用每个家庭可用的完整邮政编码数据，分析将使用多层Logistic回归模型来解释数据的分层性质。目的3.探讨青年如何看待、谈判和体验作为社区变化过程的复兴及其对其心理社会健康的影响；将招募6名16-18岁的青年作为共同研究人员，在12个月内设计和实施参与性行动研究项目，参加讲习班、研究方法培训。40名年龄在14-18岁的人将被招募参加由合作研究人员提供的4个小组会议。合作研究人员将在分析和编码方面进行合作，以确定关键发现。将使用话语和内容分析方法对数据进行分析，并使用与研究问题有关的新兴主题和分主题进行编码。将制定一个专题框架，利用现有的理论和文献作为分析数据的基础。合作研究人员将向参与组织或社区参与者展示他们的发现。

This study will examine the effects of urban regeneration understood as a process of neighborhood change on two aspects of psychosocial health -common mental disorders (CMD) and wellbeing- of young people in South East London. Using mixed methods and participatory action research with young people as co-researchers to explore how they experience neighborhood transformation. Mental health in young people is of concern, with half of lifetime mental health problems starting by age 14 (Smith et al, 2015b). CMD such as depression and anxiety have higher prevalence in urban environments (Hatch et al, 2011;). There is evidence on socio-economic determinants of psychosocial health showing that disadvantage over life course is linked to poor health. It is less clear whether aspects of physical and social environments at neighbourhood-level also affect the risk of CMD (Polling, 2014). In the UK, studies investigating the health and wellbeing impacts of regeneration are rare and offer mixed findings (Thomson et al, 2006; Smith et al, 2012; Huxley and Roger, 2006). These commonly exclude young people under the age of 16 (Smith et al, 2015a). South East London has widespread regeneration programmes underway, higher eviction rates than the national average and 24.2% of the adult population reporting CMD (Lees and White, 2016; Hatch et al, 2011). The study will be supported by the South East London Community Health Study (SELCoH), providing local longitudinal quantitative data.Methodology: The study will conduct a quantitative analysis using SELCoH data and undertake qualitative participatory action research. Participatory Action Research helps to introduce a flexible, collaborative and socially owned process (Kindon, Pain & Kesby, 2007) that will provide a platform for young people to voice their opinions on designing and managing sustainable neighbourhood change. Aim 1a. To perform a critical review of literature related to urban regeneration and the influence of neighborhood spatial, built, environmental and social features on mental health and wellbeing; Aim 1b. To examine national and local regeneration policies, plans, aims and features that shape and influence regeneration in South East London; Aim 2. To investigate the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and CMD, and to examine how they vary by age and across areas; This will involve secondary data analysis on longitudinal data from SELCoH. The SELCoH study is an UK psychiatric and physical morbidity survey of 1698 adults, aged 16 years and over residing in 1075 randomly selected households in the boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth (2008-2010). Initial descriptive analyses will be performed, accounting for clustering by household. Multinomial and logistic regression models will be used to estimate the associations between neighbourhood characteristics and CMD and how they vary by age. Using full postcode data available for each household, analysis will use multilevel logistic regression models to account for hierarchical nature of the data. Aim 3. To explore how young people perceive, negotiate and experience regeneration as a process of neighbourhood change and its impacts on their psychosocial health; 6 young people aged 16 - 18 will be recruited as co-researchers to design and deliver a participatory action research project over 12 months, participating in workshops, research methods training. 40 aged 14 - 18 will be recruited to participate in 4 group sessions delivered by the co-researchers. Co-researchers will collaborate in analysis and coding to identify key findings. Data will be analysed using discourse and content analysis methods and coded using emerging themes and sub-themes that relate to the research questions. A thematic framework will be developed, using existing theories and literature as a basis to analyse the data. Co-researchers will present their findings to participating organisations or community actors.