Transnational Feminist Movements to End Violence against Women (VAW): Pathways from Protest to Policy

对妇女的暴力行为越来越被认为是地球上最广泛的侵犯人权行为。它影响着全球12亿多人，其规模、范围和复杂性是无与伦比的。尽管暴力侵害妇女行为在政府间机构、各国政府和民间社会的政策和发展议程上占据重要位置，但人们并不总是将其视为犯罪。通过询问这种态度和意识的转变，并记录女权主义组织在影响规范发展中的作用，我的研究旨在为解决潜在偏见的结构性根源的变革性政策干预措施的设计做出贡献。在真实的情况下，一个出生于1995年的女权主义者已经在她耳边环绕着女性赋权的积极政治言论，从青春期到成年期的微妙转变中导航。然而，随着2017年的开始，她每天早上醒来都会听到关于不平等，暴力和歧视的毁灭性故事;无论是俄罗斯的家庭暴力合法化，巴基斯坦的一个女儿因未经家人同意结婚而被烧死，布洛克特纳与一名失去知觉的妇女的“20分钟行动”，还是阿根廷16岁的露西娅佩雷斯的强奸和谋杀。新闻头条与宣布性别政策优先事项和对妇女赋权和解放的新投资的文章并列。无论是哪一年，暴力行为还是国家，历史都证明了女权主义组织在让政府承担责任和挑战支撑不平等的性别权力动态方面的作用。无论是《北京行动纲要》的集体传播，还是妇女在阿拉伯之春起义中发挥的催化作用，还是成千上万的妇女在拉丁美洲动员起来对露西娅·佩雷斯的死亡表示愤怒;女权主义组织采取了多种形式。然而，最近在华盛顿举行的妇女游行运动中，一条横幅提出的问题引起了共鸣：“为什么我们还在为同样的运动而战？”“为什么-尽管反对意识的发展和女权主义者的动员;尽管政府和有影响力的发展捐助者的支持-暴力侵害妇女行为（VAW）仍然是每个大陆每个角落日常生活中的一个地方病？也许这是因为，与快速发展议程所追求的简单性不同，这种结构性变化不是线性的，需要挑战基本的发展假设，认识到复杂的权力关系以及将新规范制度化的重要性。植根于女权主义者的观点，我的研究希望找出那些被证明对从抗议到权力的导航路径至关重要的因素，并突出女权主义者的良好实践范例。研究问题：跨国女权运动如何影响变革性政策的采用，以结束对妇女的暴力？相关问题-女权主义组织在打击暴力侵害妇女行为方面的历史作用是什么，什么因素影响了女权主义干预的有效性？在打击暴力侵害妇女行为方面，目前有哪些挑战？跨国女权组织在应对这些挑战方面处于何种有利地位？

Violence against women is increasingly recognized as the widest human rights violation onearth. Impacting more than 1.2 billion individuals globally, it is unparalleled in its scale, scopeand complexity. Although violence against women sits high on the policy and developmentagenda of intergovernmental institutions, national governments and civil society; peoplehave not always considered it a crime. By interrogating this shift in attitude and awareness,and documenting the role of feminist organising in influencing norm development, myresearch aims at contributing to the design of transformative policy interventions whichtackle the structural roots of underlying prejudices.2015 celebrated the 20-year anniversary of the landmark Beijing Declaration and Platformfor Action. In real terms, a feminist born in 1995 has navigated the delicate transition fromadolescence into adulthood with positive political rhetoric around women's empowermentringing in her ears. And yet, as 2017 begins, she continues to awake each morning todevastating stories of inequity, violence and discrimination; whether it be Russia'sdecriminalisation of domestic violence, a daughter burnt in Pakistan for marrying withouther family's consent, Brock Turner's '20 minutes of action' with an unconscious woman, orthe rape and murder of 16 year-old Lucia Perez in Argentina. Headlines sit astride articlesannouncing gender policy priorities and new investment in women's empowerment andemancipation.No matter the year, the violent act or the country, history pays testament to the role offeminist organising in holding governments to account and challenging the gendered powerdynamics which underpin inequality. Be it in the collective proliferation of the BeijingPlatform for Action, the catalysing role played by women in the Arab Spring uprisings or thetens of thousands of women who mobilised across Latin America to express outrage overthe death of Lucia Perez; feminist organising takes many forms. However, the questionposed by a banner at the recent Women's March Movement in Washington DC resonates:'Why are we still fighting these same campaigns?' Why - despite the development ofoppositional consciousness and mobilisation of feminists; despite the championing bygovernments and influential development donors - does violence against women (VAW)remain an endemic part of everyday life in every corner of every continent? Perhaps it isbecause, unlike the simplicity sought by fast-track development agendas, this kind ofstructural change is not linear and requires the challenging of fundamental developmentassumptions, the recognition of complex power relationships and the importance ofinstitutionalising new norms.Rooted in the perspectives of feminists, my research hopes to identify factors which haveproven critical to navigating pathways from protest to power and highlight good practiceexamples of feminist organising to inform the design of transformative policy interventionsto end VAW.Research Question:In what ways can transnational feminist movements influence the adoption oftransformative policy to end VAW?Related questions- What is the historic role of feminist organising in combatting VAW and what factorshave influenced the effectiveness of feminist interventions?- What are the current challenges with respect to combatting VAW and how wellplaced are transnational feminist organisations to respond to those challenges?