"Without the Muslims, We'd be out of a Job" Deconstructing Narratives and Hierarchies of Race, Whiteness, Nation and Class in England's Sheep Slaught

随着英国退欧的临近，英国没有准备好养活自己的人民。粮食生产的模式、法规以及这些措施的社会和经济影响是未知的。收入最高的食品行业是肉类；在这个商品链中，屠宰场是一个必不可少的、尽管看不见的时刻。在英国，屠宰场工人主要是白人、男性和工人阶级。这一群体人手不足，是被剥夺公民权的英国退欧选民，他们挑起了技术官僚的城市精英，站在了监管和市场改革的第一线。矛盾的是，通过地方性和透明度获得重视的传统肉类生产正在获得文化资本，怀旧地回忆起前工业化、前屠宰场的过去。在现代性的项目中，掩盖了肉类动物起源的残留物和残留物，屠宰已经成为一个文化盲点(Young-Lee：2008)。工业化的力量进一步将生产集中到城外的地区性屠宰场。欧盟法规是针对贸易、疾病和消费者的愤怒而制定的，它单方面监管所有屠宰场，无论生产的肉类是“工业化的”还是“传承的”。屠宰场在文化上仍然被忽视；国家和超国家组织通过科学或动物福利知情法规来代表屠宰场，并在联合国关于全球肉类供应的报告中被省略，而关于传统肉类的叙述从农场跳到屠宰场。我的主人的田野工作是在英国的屠宰场进行的。尽管移民工人的存在微不足道，但工人们是爱国的，对移民明显怀有敌意。相反，他们对国际贸易感到自豪，对欧盟各国执行的法规的价值观感到矛盾，这些法规条件反射地区分了经济、国家和民族地位。他们挑战公众言论，称白人工人阶级被剥夺了同质化的选举权。在这个遗产、阶级和性别决定国家地位的紧迫时刻，这项研究问道，隐蔽的屠宰场揭示了后工业化时代英国工人阶级的男子汉气概？随着传统肉类生产实践被宣传为对全球化食物链的修正，不一致的主权概念与英国养活自己的人民产生了共鸣。未来的遗产经济将如何与工业化经济体相互作用，并在性别和阶层上塑造在这些经济体中工作的人的差异？政策如何加剧或缓和这些分歧？这项研究旨在阐明政策、监管和遗产经济的社会影响，因为它们潜在地放大了社会分歧，使国家地位的概念复杂化。多个地点的实地考察将在坎布里亚、诺福克、伦敦和苏格兰的工业化和传统屠宰场进行，以跨国家和复杂的地区视角了解英国的生产力。研究方法将采用参与者观察法、非正式访谈和半结构化访谈相结合。这将与对政策和监管的详细话语分析相结合。

As Brexit approaches, Britain is unprepared to feed its people. Modes of food productivity, regulations and the social and economic impacts of these are unknown. The highest revenue food industry is meat; abattoirs are an essential, albeit unseen moment in this commodity chain. In the UK, abattoir workers are predominantly white, male and working class. This demographic, shorthanded as disenfranchised Brexit voters who turned on a technocratic, urban elite, stand at the frontline of changes to regulations and market. Paradoxically, heritage meat production, valued through locality and transparency is gaining cultural capital, nostalgically harking back to a pre-industrial, pre-abattoir past. In the project of modernity to conceal the brutality and residue of meat's animal origins, slaughter has been rendered into a cultural blind spot (Young-Lee:2008). Forces of industrialisation have further centralised production to out-of-town regionalised abattoirs. EU regulations, produced in response to trade, disease and consumer outrage, regulate all abattoirs unilaterally, regardless of whether the meat produced is "industrialised" or "heritage." Abattoirs remain culturally ignored; represented by state and supranational organisations through science or animal welfare informed regulations and omitted from UN reports on global meat supply , whilst heritage meat narratives jump from farm to butchers block. My masters fieldwork was located in British abattoirs. Workers were patriotic and explicitly hostile about immigrants, despite negligible presence of immigrant workers. Conversely, they were proud of international trade and ambivalent about the values of nationally enforced EU regulations, reflexively differentiating economy, state and nationhood. They challenged public discourses scripting the white working class as homogeneously disenfranchised. At this urgent moment where heritage, class and gender inform broad articulations of nationhood, this research asks, what does the concealed abattoir reveal about working class masculinities in post-industrial Britain? As practices of heritage meat production are promoted as corrective to globalised food chains, incongruent notions of sovereignty resonate with Britain feeding its own people. How will future heritage economies interplay with industrialised economies and shape divisions in gender and class of those working within them? How could policy exacerbate or temper these divisions? This research aims to articulate the social effects of policy, regulation and heritage economies as potentially amplifying social divisions, complicating notions of nationhood. Multi-sited fieldwork will take place at industrialised and heritage abattoirs in Cumbria, Norfolk, London and Scotland to encompass a cross-national and complex regional lens into British productivity. Research methods will combine participant-observation, informal and semi-structured interviews with workers. This will be combined with a detailed discourse analysis of policy and regulation.