Regeneration or Gentrification? An Intersectional Analysis of Institutional Discrimination in the Regeneration of Tottenham, Post 2011 Riots

作为对2011年托特纳姆骚乱的回应，哈林盖议会制定了一项住房重建政策--“托特纳姆计划”，以纠正根本问题。然而，托特纳姆居民、企业主和当地利益集团担心，该计划正在导致现有的、以BME为主的社区的社会和经济混乱(狄龙，2015；Inside House，2015；托特纳姆独立报，2013)。这项研究的目的是批判性地检查托特纳姆计划对黑人和白人居民的住房结果和随之而来的社会经济影响，以探索该政策是否在结果和影响方面对托特纳姆黑尔区的BME人口造成了不成比例的种族差异。2015年2月，托特纳姆黑尔被指定为住房区，该地区正在建造2000套新住房。这项研究的目标是：-为有关士绅化导致的流离失所的文献做出贡献--让边缘人群的声音被听到--确定政策改革的领域。研究问题包括：1.哈林盖在托特纳姆计划的目标中借鉴了哪些政策想法？为什么？2.该计划对托特纳姆黑尔区白人和BME居民的住房结果有什么影响？3.该计划对托特纳姆黑尔区的白人和BME居民都有什么社会经济影响？4.这些影响对更公平的社会城市重建有什么影响？相关文献它利用了制度性种族主义和交叉性的概念，建立在关于英国国家主导的士绅化影响的文献的基础上(例如。Lees，2003,2008；Lees等人，2008；Watt，2009)，以及来自美国的关于士绅化如何不成比例地影响黑人和其他少数族裔群体的文献(例如。弗里曼，2006；Hyra，2008)。它试图回应Lees(2016)最近关于英国背景下的种族和士绅化研究的呼吁，该研究考虑但不抄袭美国的特定背景的工作。它还试图将关于士绅化引起的流离失所的文献向前推进，到目前为止，很少有研究，而且它们相当过时(例如，Marcuse，1986；Atkinson，2000)。到目前为止，英国还没有关于黑人士绅化的研究，这项研究将填补这一空白。对于种族政治如何在英国的复兴计划中发挥作用，人们知之甚少。

In response to the 2011 Tottenham Riot Haringey Council developed a housing regeneration policy, 'A Plan for Tottenham', to correct the underlying issues. However, Tottenham residents, business owners and local interest groups are worried that the plan is resulting in the social and economic dislocation of the existing, predominantly BME, community (Dillon, 2015; Inside Housing, 2015; The Tottenham Independent, 2013). The aim of this research is to critically examine the housing outcomes and consequent socioeconomic impacts of the Tottenham plan on black and white residents in order to explore whether the policy has disproportionately produced racial disparities in outcomes and impacts for the BME population in the ward of Tottenham Hale. Tottenham Hale was designated as a Housing Zone in February 2015 and 2,000 new homes are being built in the area. The objectives of this study are:- To contribute to the literature on gentrification induced displacement- To allow the 'voice' of the marginalized to be heard- To identify areas for policy reform.The research questions include:1. What policy ideas did Haringey draw on in the goals of the Tottenham plan and why? 2. What have the impacts of the plan been on housing outcomes for both white and BME residents in Tottenham Hale?3. What have the socio-economic impacts of the plan been on both white and BME residents in Tottenham Hale?4. What are the implications of these impacts for more socially just urban regeneration?Relevant LiteratureThis research, which utilises the concepts of institutional racism and intersectionality, builds on the literature on the impacts of state-led gentrification in the UK (eg. Lees, 2003,2008; Lees et al, 2008; Watt, 2009), and literature from the US on how gentrification disproportionately impacts black and other ethnic minority groups (eg. Freeman, 2006; Hyra, 2008). It seeks to answer Lees's (2016) recent call for research into race and gentrification in the British context that considers but does not copy the contextually specific work from the US. It also seeks to move the literature on gentrification-induced displacement forward, there have been very few studies to date and they are rather dated (eg Marcuse, 1986; Atkinson, 2000). There have been no studies of black gentrification in the UK to date, this research will fill that gap. There is limited knowledge of how racial politics have played out in British regeneration schemes.