The Impact of Super-gentrification on Neighborhood Composition

该奖项的全部或部分资金来自《2021年美国救援计划法案》(公法117-2)。这个项目分析了“超中产阶级化”的影响，即在已经中产阶级化的社区中强化中产阶级化过程。这项研究询问，这一过程在哪里以及如何影响了城市的种族和阶级构成。传统的中产阶级化涉及中产阶级迁移到工人阶级社区。它的基础是翻新现有的住房存量，主要是取代低收入社区。相比之下，超级中产阶级化包括对已经中产阶级化或以中产阶级为主的社区进行进一步升级。它往往包括拆迁和新的建设(如高层豪华住宅开发)，并可能产生新类型的住宅流离失所(如中产阶级流离失所)。以前的研究已经显示出这类位移的差异，因此该研究密切关注对社区人口变化的影响。对超级中产阶级化的研究很重要，因为它有助于我们了解一个社区被中产阶级化后会发生什么；随着时间的推移，中产阶级化如何继续并加剧。这项研究通过对超中产阶级化的全国性分析推动了社会科学的发展：研究人员不仅将分析其对沿海大城市的影响，还将分析其对小城市和郊区的影响。该项目将通过加强少数群体服务机构的研究能力产生更广泛的影响。它将创造机会，培训社会科学和STEM行业中代表性不足的群体的学生。研究人员将与社区咨询委员会合作，并将研究与当地公立学校和图书馆的社区教育伙伴关系联系起来。这项研究将结合地理信息科学(GIS)和定性社会科学方法(来自超中产阶级化社区居民的口述历史)。研究问题是：1990年至2020年期间，城市中的哪些地方发生了超中产阶级化过程？超中产阶级化如何与居住置换的空间模式相互作用？在少数族裔占多数的社区，人们如何看待和体验超中产阶级化？这些假设分别是，超中产阶级化发生在比现有学术研究涵盖的更广泛的城市地理区域；它降低了社区多样性；以及流离失所效应因社区内不同人口因素的交集而有所不同。这项研究将有助于社会科学研究经济不平等的空间效应，评估其对城市地理的影响。它建立在现有学术的基础上，对超中产阶级化趋势进行了全国性的比较空间分析，通过绘制大范围大都市地区的中产阶级化程度图，提供了首个此类实证研究。它通过分析少数族裔占多数的社区的影响、中产阶级化社区的融合和多样化进程以及中产阶级流离失所和新冠肺炎骚乱的影响等新兴主题，推动了对士绅化的种族主义层面的研究。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). This project analyzes the impact of ‘super-gentrification’, an intensification of gentrification processes in already gentrified neighborhoods. The research asks where and how this process has impacted the racial and class composition of cities. Traditional gentrification involves middle class migration into working class neighborhoods. It is based on renovation of pre-existing housing stock and primarily displaces low income communities. In contrast, super-gentrification involves further upgrading of already gentrified or predominantly middle class neighborhoods. It often includes demolition and new construction (e.g. high-rise luxury housing development) and can produce new kinds of residential displacements (e.g. displacement of the middle class). Previous research has shown disparities in these kinds of displacements, so the study pays close attention to impacts on neighborhood demographic change. Research on super-gentrification is important because it helps us understand what happens after a neighborhood has been gentrified; how gentrification can continue and intensify over time. The study advances social science with a national analysis of super-gentrification: the researchers will analyze its impact not only in large coastal cities, but also in smaller cities and suburbs. The project will generate broader impacts by enhancing research capacity at a Minority Serving Institution. It will create opportunities to train students from groups that are under-represented in social science and STEM industries. The researchers will collaborate with a community advisory board, and will link the research to community education partnerships with local public schools and libraries. The research will combine geographic information science (GIS) and qualitative social science methods (oral histories from residents of super-gentrified neighborhoods). The research questions are: Where have super-gentrification processes occurred in cities between 1990 and 2020? How does super-gentrification interact with spatial patterns of residential displacement? And how is super-gentrification perceived and experienced in majority-minority neighborhoods? The hypotheses are, respectively, that super-gentrification has occurred in a wider geography of cities than those covered in existing scholarship; that it reduces neighborhood diversity; and that displacement effects vary based on intersections of various demographic factors in a neighborhood. The research will contribute to social science research on the spatial effects of economic inequality, evaluating its implications for geographies of cities. It builds on existing scholarship with a nationally comparative spatial analysis of super-gentrification trends, offering a first of its kind empirical study by mapping degrees of gentrification across a wide geography of metropolitan areas. It advances research on the racialized dimensions of gentrification, by analyzing impacts in majority-minority neighborhoods, processes of integration and diversification in gentrifying neighborhoods, and emerging themes like middle class displacement and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.