'Living heritage' and living heritage: the ontology and experience of cultural landscapes in the English Lake District

湖区国家公园是联合国教科文组织提名的世界遗产之一，主题是“文化景观”。这承认了人类-环境相互作用产生的景观的遗产价值，在传统做法下产生的景观被归类为“活的”文化景观(Goio&Gios，2011)。在这样的指定下，遗产保护的必要性和社会生活的动态性质之间往往会产生冲突(Miura，2005)。因此，此类网站的管理需要多个利益攸关方达成一致(Mitchell等人，2009年)。从概念上借鉴地理学和人类学的工作，该博士旨在通过分析其不同的解释和动员范围的利益相关者，其生活与土地密切相关的人，来使“活的文化景观”的概念成为问题。博士将在农民和其他群体中进行人种学田野调查(参与者观察、访谈、遗产日记)与官方文件的话语分析相结合。

The Lake District National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site nominee under the theme of 'cultural landscape'. This recognises the heritage value of landscapes born of human-environment interactions and where they remain produced by traditional practices are categorised as 'Living' Cultural Landscapes (Goio & Gios, 2011). Under such designations conflicts often arise between the imperative for heritage preservation and the dynamic nature of social life (Miura, 2005). Management of such sites therefore requires agreement among multiple stakeholders (Mitchell et al, 2009). Drawing conceptually on work in geography and anthropology the PhD aims to problematize the concept of 'living cultural landscape' by analysing its varied interpretation and mobilisation by the range of stakeholders whose lives are intimately enfolded with the land. The PhD will combine ethnographic fieldwork among farmers and other groups (participant observation, interviews, heritage diaries) with discourse analysis of official documents.