Humanitarian sheltering: analysing global structures of aid

2018年，IDMC记录了因冲突和暴力造成的1080万新的流离失所者，以及因自然灾害造成的1720万流离失所者（IDMC， 2019年）。关于流离失所继续发生的速度的预测差别很大，但总的共识是，无论速度如何，全球流离失所正在上升。住房项目是应对流离失所问题的一个组成部分。然而，人们对住房项目设计决策所涉及的过程、这些决策发生的时间点以及这些决策背后的动机缺乏了解。虽然所有住房项目都有一些独特的特点，但住房项目的基本要求（即不受各种因素影响）的相似性表明，从住房项目的集体评估中学习的潜力很大。特别是，对有助于这些项目设计的过程的评估，在这些过程中做出的决策，以及在做出这些决策时不同利益相关者的优先级。目前还没有对这些过程的评估，也没有在自然灾害、冲突和复杂反应的住房项目中实现这些过程的机制。然而，对这些过程的评估可以使个人做出改进的决策，并了解这样做的关键决策节点。因此，本研究结合了专家访谈和历史上的住房案例，以了解设计决策过程的框架，以及利益相关者做出这些决策的优先事项。这包括与政府、国际非政府组织、全球集群集团、私营部门、学术界和住房受益者进行讨论。本研究通过混合方法研究了关键决策、利益相关者优先级、对成功的影响以及影响设计决策的经济因素。这项研究的最终目的是发展支持和改进流离失所者住房项目设计决策过程的手段

In 2018, the IDMC documented 10.8m new displacements as a result of conflict and violence and a further 17.2m displaced as a result of natural disasters (IDMC, 2019). Predictions in the rate at which displacement will continue to occur are widely varied, but there is an overall consensus that, regardless of the rate, global displacement is rising. Shelter projects are an integral part of the response to displacement. However, there is a lack of understanding of the processes involved in shelter project design decisions, the point at which these decisions take place, and the motivations underlying these decisions. Although all shelter projects have some unique attributes, the similarities in the basic requirements of shelter projects (i.e. protection from the elements) suggest that there is a huge potential to learn from the collective assessment of shelter projects. In particular, an assessment of the processes which contribute to the design of these projects, the decisions made within these processes, and the priorities of the varying stakeholders in making those decisions. There is no existing assessment of these processes or the mechanisms enabling them within shelter projects for natural disaster, conflict, and complex responses. However, an assessment of these processes could enable individuals to make improved decisions and understand the key decision nodes for doing so.Therefore, this research utilises a combination of expert interviews and historic cases of shelter to understand the framework within which the process of design decisions takes place and the priorities of stakeholders making these decisions. This includes discussions with governments, international NGOs, Global Cluster Groups, private sector, academia, and beneficiaries of shelter. This research investigates key decisions, stakeholder priorities, influences on success, and economic factors affecting design decisions through a mixed methods approach. The final aim of this research is to develop means to support and improve the process of design decisions in the context of shelter projects for displacement