ANALYSIS OF CRANIAL SKELETO-MUSCULAR ATTACHMENTS IN MICE

描述(改编自《调查者摘要》)： 哺乳动物的后脑对于头部结构的正常发育是必不可少的。 后脑分割的缺失可能导致肌肉、神经元和骨骼 缺陷。后脑分割也被认为在 决定肌肉如何附着在头部的骨骼元素上。在雏鸟身上， 肌肉结缔组织附着在由以下组成的骨骼元素上 来自同一后脑节段的细胞群。在这两个地方 在人类和老鼠身上，一些基因的突变已经被证明会导致 颅骨缺陷症。然而，突变小鼠的颅骨肌肉附着 而人类患者还没有被定性。细菌的细胞组成 野生型和突变小鼠的头盖骨-肌肉附着将是 使用最近开发的FLPe位点特异性重组酶系统进行分析。 该系统将允许对特定的细胞群体进行遗传标记 分割的后脑。在后来的发展中，贡献落后于大脑 野生型和非野生型细胞为颅骨肌肉连接提供细胞 突变的动物将被分析。了解肌肉如何附着到特定的 没有明显解剖标志的骨骼元素区域是 对于了解颅骨肌肉附着物是如何 在进化过程中保留下来的。此外，识别遗传成分 负责颅骨肌肉连接是必不可少的第一步 在识别将肌肉附着到骨骼结构所需的蛋白质方面。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): Segmentation of the mammalian hindbrain is essential for the proper development of head structures. Loss of hindbrain segmentation can result in muscle, neuronal and skeletal defects. Hindbrain segmentation has also been proposed to be important in determining how muscles attach to skeletal elements in the head. In chicks, muscle connective tissue is attached to skeletal elements composed of populations of cells originating from the same hindbrain segment. In both humans and mice, mutations in a number of genes have been shown to result in cranial defects. However, cranial skeleto-muscular attachments in mutant mice and human patients have not been characterized. The cellular composition of cranial skeleto-muscular attachments in both wild type and mutant mice will be analyzed using the recently developed FLPe site-specific recombinase system. This system will allow heritable marking of specific populations of cells in the segmented hindbrain. During later development, the contribution hindbrain cells provide to cranial skeleto-muscular attachments in both wild type and mutant animals will be analyzed. Understanding how muscles attach to specific regions of skeletal elements that have no obvious anatomical landmarks is important for understanding how cranial skeleto-muscular attachments are retained during evolution. In addition, identifying genetic components responsible for cranial skeleto-muscular attachments is an essential first step in identifying proteins required for attaching muscles to skeletal structures.