RESEARCH TRAINING IN SURGICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY

两次革命迷雾中的临床医学。第一次革命是科学革命，反映了细胞和分子生物学信息的爆炸性增长。第二次革命是经济革命。管理式医疗的广泛影响已经改变了这个国家的医疗服务，并减少了年轻临床医生发展学术研究事业的机会。为了学术外科的持续活力，国家需要培养外科科学家。该提案的目的是促进胃肠外科领域此类人员的发展。该提案将每年招收三名医学博士实习生，为期两三年的研究奖学金。对于每一个受训者，研究金的具体目标是：1）提供一个扩展和深入接触的技术和知识的基础科学学科; 2）使高度密集，监督培训实验室调查;和3）促进研究的主动性，旨在建立一个可行的独立的研究生涯不断提高的水平。该提案的优势在于其在细胞和分子水平上对胃肠道生理学和病理生理学的关注。来自四个大学系的13名调查员作为培训员参加。课程教师来自普通外科，内科，儿科和生理学。他们都是密歇根胃肠肽中心的成员。研究培训将在这些导师的实验室进行，并将由GI肽中心及其几个核心设施提供的额外物理和智力资源进行补充。基础研究方法和设计的正式教学可通过两个教学计划之一。第一个是细胞和分子生物学技术的强化课程。第二门课程涉及实验设计，生物统计学和基础细胞生物学。教学计划将在研究奖学金的第一年完成。进一步的指导是由一系列有组织的讲座，研讨会和研究务虚会提供。该计划的完成将产生出色的准备临床科学家在学术外科部门的任命。

Clinical medicine in the mist of two revolutions. The first revolution is scientific, and reflects an explosive growth in cellular and molecular biological information. The second revolution is economic. The widespread influence of managed care has transformed health care delivery in this country, and has reduced opportunities for young clinicians to develop academic research careers. For the continued vitality of academic surgery, a national need exists to train surgical scientists. The purpose of this proposal is to foster development of such individuals in the field of Gastrointestinal Surgery. The proposal wound enroll three MD trainees per year for a two or three year research fellowship. For each trainee, the specific aims of the fellowship are: 1) to provide an extended and in-depth exposure to the techniques and knowledge to the basic science discipline; 2) to enable highly intensive, supervised training in laboratory investigations; and 3) to foster an increasing level of research initiative designed to establish a viable independent research career. The strength of the proposal is its focus on gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology at the cellular and molecular level. Thirteen investigators from four university departments are participating as trainers. Program faculty are drawn from General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Physiology. All are members of the Michigan Gastrointestinal Peptide Center. Research Training will occur in the laboratories of these preceptors and will be supplemented by the additional physical and intellectual resources provided by the GI Peptide Center and its several core facilities. Formal instruction in fundamental research methods and design are available through one of two instructional programs. The first is an intensive course in cellular and molecular biological techniques. The second course involves offerings in experimental design, biostatistics, and fundamental cell biology. The instructional programs will be completed during the first year of the research fellowship. Further instruction is provided by an organized series of lectures, seminars, and research retreats. Completion of the program will produce superbly prepared clinician-scientists for appointments in academic surgical departments.