Club Drug Initiation & HIV Risk of Mobile Suburban Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去十年中，美国俱乐部药物的使用急剧增加。这些药物，包括MDMA，氯胺酮，GHB，2C-B和甲基苯丙胺，已经从亚文化中扩散出来，特别是在锐舞现场，现在在多个场景和环境中使用。尽管有这些最近的趋势，但在美国，关于这些药物使用的研究仍然很少，特别是关于年轻人的开始。虽然俱乐部药物研究议程在其他西方国家已经建立得更加牢固，但在美国仍有许多工作要做。我们还不了解美国青年使用俱乐部毒品的模式，包括谁、如何、何时以及在哪里使用这些毒品。由于俱乐部吸毒是最近才出现的现象，因此必须了解青年人是如何开始吸毒的，以便了解这些毒品的传播过程。 对曼哈顿的移动的郊区（桥梁和隧道）青少年的研究可以提供对青少年俱乐部吸毒的基本了解。这些青年是一个涉及多种社会背景、城市社会场景以及他们日常郊区社会存在的群体。因此，这些年轻人参与了多个社会世界，他们提供了各种社会环境中俱乐部毒品使用模式的信息。此外，从郊区前往曼哈顿的年轻人是桥梁人群;也就是说，他们是传染病从城市年轻人传播到周边郊区年轻人的潜在途径，反之亦然。然而，除了桥梁人群被认为是传统的方式之外，也许更重要的是，桥梁和隧道青年是传播健康信念的工具，社会规范，以及与俱乐部药物使用有关的人群之间的做法，否则可能不会直接互动。 除了对这些药物的毒性和过量使用的可能性越来越关注外，使用这些药物会导致危险行为。某些给药途径使青年面临健康问题的风险，如艾滋病毒和肝炎。此外，人们对年轻人使用这些物质所造成的潜在性危险行为知之甚少。因此，确定俱乐部药物开始和过渡到使用和滥用后期阶段的途径至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Club drug use has increased dramatically in the United States over the last decade. These drugs, including MDMA, Ketamine, GHB, 2C-B, and Methamphetamine, have diffused from subcultures, particularly the rave scene, and are now used in multiple scenes and settings. Despite these recent trends, there remains little published research on the use of these drugs in America, particularly on initiation by young people. Though club drug research agendas have been more firmly established in other Western nations, much work remains in the United States. We do not yet have an understanding of the patterns of club drug use by American youth, including who, how, when, and where young people use these drugs. Since club drug use is a recent phenomenon, it is important to gain an understanding of how youth are being initiated, so as to understand the process of diffusion of these drugs. Research on mobile suburban (bridge and tunnel) youth in Manhattan can provide foundational understandings of club drug use among youth. These youth are a population involved in multiple social contexts, urban social scenes as well as their everyday suburban social existence. Thus, engaged in multiple social worlds, these youth offer information on the patterns of club drug use in varied social settings. Also, youth who travel from the suburbs to Manhattan are a bridge population; that is, they are potential routes of infectious disease transmission from urban youth to youth in surrounding suburbs and vice versa. Yet, aside from the traditional manner in which bridge populations are thought of, and perhaps more importantly, bridge and tunnel youth are vehicles for the diffusion of health beliefs, social norms, and practices pertaining to club drug use between populations who may not otherwise directly interact. Aside from the growing concern over the toxicity and potential for overdose with these drugs, the use of these drugs enables risky behaviors. Certain routes of administration place youth at risk for health problems, such as HIV and Hepatitis. Furthermore, there is little understanding of the potential sexual risk behaviors attributable to the use of these substances by young people. Determining the pathways to club drug initiation and transitions to later stages of use and abuse is, therefore, of utmost importance.