Effects of Tobacco & ENDS Policies on Patterns of Adolescent ENDS Use

烟草的影响

• 批准号: 10290048
• 负责人: Brian C Kelly
• 金额: $ 37.15万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10290048
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adoption; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Age; American; Bypass; Censuses; Characteristics; Child Rearing; Code; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Databases; Dependence; Development; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Ethnic Origin; Foundations; Frequencies; Gender; Geography; Goals; Growth; Health; Health Expenditures; Health Professional; Household; Individual; Inequality; Influentials; Lead; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Locales; Lung; Measures; Modeling; Nicotine Dependence; Observational Study; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Policies; Policy Analysis; Population; Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health; Prevalence; Prevention; Procedures; Proliferating; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Research; Respondent; Rights; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Sequence Analysis; Shapes; Smoker; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Source; State Government; Statistical Methods; Statistical Models; Subgroup; Taxes; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco use; Variant; Work; Youth; access restrictions; complex data; contextual factors; critical period; data structure; demographics; emerging adult; experience; health disparity; improved; individual variation; mathematical model; non-smoker; parental monitoring; population health; prevent; prospective; public policy on tobacco; repository; research study; residence; response; social inequality; socioeconomics; substance use; tobacco control; trend

Project Summary States have responded to the emergence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) through implementing several types of policies specific to ENDS in addition to existing tobacco control policies. At present, the full efficacy of both types of policies on ENDS and related tobacco use among adolescents is unknown. This research study will use multiple, complementary statistical methods and a robust policy database to examine the impact of relevant tobacco and ENDS-specific policies on ENDS use and related tobacco use among adolescents. We will merge tobacco policy and ENDS-specific policy data from the American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation (ANRF) to evaluate the effects of these policies on patterns of adolescent ENDS and related tobacco use (initiation, prevalence, duration, frequency, and cessation). We will accomplish this goal by coding this policy database by state and year and combining it with data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) and key time-varying measures from the U.S. Census. In our first pair of aims, we will analyze this data using mixed effects models, using both within- and between-person effects. Respectively, these two types of effects determine (a) whether adolescents change their ENDS and tobacco use after their state of residence passes a particular policy, and (b) whether adolescents in a state that passes a policy experience significantly different trajectories of ENDS and tobacco use relative to those in a state without the policy. In addition, we will introduce sequence analysis, which allows for a more detailed depiction of transitions into and out of ENDS and related tobacco use, and testing of differences in trajectories across policies. We also will test for synergistic effects of policy; that is, whether the combination of any given policies is particularly effective. In our second pair of aims, we assess policy effect differences across particular respondent characteristics. First, we will consider whether parent contexts moderate the effects of policies. Finally, we will conduct analyses of policy effects by key demographics: socioeconomic status, gender, race/ethnicity, and rural/urban locale, which will permit the identification of related health disparities. Our proposed research provides opportunities to test the impact of a rapidly evolving policy landscape on ENDS outcomes and will contribute in the following ways. First, if certain policies or combinations of policies are identified as efficacious, the results would provide evidence for broader adoption to curb current ENDS trends. Second, the identification of possible health disparities in the benefits of policy implementation may not only help health professionals work towards redressing disparities, but also identify policies that may “bypass” social inequalities to provide comprehensive benefits to adolescents with long-term implications. Finally, this study establishes a foundation for future research that will consider local policy variation, individual-level policy- driven changes, and patterns of ENDS use.

项目概要 各国通过实施电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）来应对电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）的出现 除了现有的烟草控制政策外，还制定了针对电子尼古丁传送系统的多种政策。目前，全 这两类政策对青少年相关电子尼古丁传送系统和相关烟草使用的效果尚不清楚。这 研究将使用多种互补的统计方法和强大的政策数据库来检验 相关烟草和电子尼古丁传送系统具体政策对电子尼古丁传送系统使用和相关烟草使用的影响 青少年。我们将合并来自美国非吸烟者组织的烟草政策和 ENDS 特定政策数据 权利基金会 (ANRF) 评估这些政策对青少年 ENDS 模式的影响 相关的烟草使用（开始、流行、持续时间、频率和戒烟）。我们将通过以下方式实现这一目标 按州和年份对这个政策数据库进行编码，并将其与人口评估的数据相结合 烟草与健康 (PATH) 以及美国人口普查中随时间变化的关键指标。在我们的第一对目标中，我们 将使用混合效应模型（使用人内效应和人际效应）来分析这些数据。分别， 这两类影响决定 (a) 青少年在成年后是否改变他们的电子尼古丁传送系统和烟草使用 居住州通过了一项特定政策，以及 (b) 居住在通过一项政策的州的青少年是否 与那些没有电子烟的州相比，他们的电子尼古丁传送系统和烟草使用轨迹有显着不同 政策。此外，我们将引入序列分析，它可以更详细地描述 进入和退出电子尼古丁传送系统和相关烟草使用的过渡，并测试不同人群的轨迹差异 政策。我们还将测试政策的协同效应；也就是说，任何给定策略的组合是否 特别有效。在我们的第二个目标中，我们评估了特定领域的政策效果差异 受访者特征。首先，我们将考虑父母背景是否会调节政策的影响。 最后，我们将按关键人口统计数据分析政策效果：社会经济地位、性别、 种族/民族和农村/城市地区，这将有助于识别相关的健康差异。我们的 拟议的研究提供了测试快速发展的政策环境对电子尼古丁传送系统影响的机会 成果并将通过以下方式做出贡献。首先，如果某些政策或政策组合 被认为是有效的，结果将为更广泛地采用以遏制当前的电子尼古丁传送系统趋势提供证据。 其次，确定政策实施的好处中可能存在的健康差异不仅可能 帮助卫生专业人员努力纠正差异，但也确定可能“绕过”的政策 社会不平等，为青少年提供具有长期影响的综合福利。最后，这个 研究为未来的研究奠定了基础，未来的研究将考虑地方政策变化、个人层面的政策 驱动的变化以及 ENDS 使用模式。