Is Trade Liberalisation Pro-Poor and Pro-Gender? The Case of Guyana

我的目标是调查圭亚那贸易自由化对贫困和性别的影响。这项研究将特别着眼于比较两个最大的农业部门--大米和原糖生产，由于贸易协议，大米在最近一段时间里有了相当大的增长，而随着时间的推移，糖的生产表现出了更稳定的产量。比较将考察这两个以出口为导向的部门之间的差异，并以其他非出口导向型农业部门为基准。将利用人口普查数据和家庭调查数据，采用基于准实验技术的微观计量经济学方法。由于妇女在农民中占很大比例，而且妇女普遍比男子贫穷，这项研究还将阐明发展、贸易和性别之间的相互作用，有助于形成一种相对较新的文献，吸引许多政策关注(例如，来自贸发会议、货币基金组织和世界银行)。将调查对工资、就业、家庭组成、家庭劳动分享、性别平等和对下一代(例如儿童教育)和周围农村社区的溢出效应的影响。这将是圭亚那研究贸易自由化对贫穷、劳动力和性别的影响的第一项微观计量经济学研究，也是为数不多的关注发展中国家农村部门的关于这一主题的研究之一，补充了主要侧重于制造业部门的关于贸易、发展和性别的新文献。

I aim to investigate the impact on poverty and gender of Guyana's trade liberalisation. The research will look in particular at comparing the two biggest agricultural sectors, rice and raw sugar production, where rice has considerable grown in recent times due to trade agreements, whereas sugar has shown a more constant production over time. The comparison will look at the differences across these two sectors that are export oriented, and benchmarked against other non-export oriented agricultural sectors. Census data and household-level surveys data will be used to apply a micro-econometric approach based on quasi-experimental techniques. As women comprise a large proportion of farmers and women are generally poorer than men, this study will shed light also on the interaction between development, trade and gender, contributing to a relatively nascent literature attracting lots of policy attention (e.g. from UNCTAD, the IMF and the World Bank). The impact on wages, employment, family formation, domestic labour-sharing, gender equality and spill-over effects on the next generation (e.g. children's education) and surrounding rural communities will be investigated. This will be the first micro-econometric study for Guyana looking at the impact of trade liberalisation on poverty, labour and gender, and one of the few studies on this topic to look at the rural sector in developing countries, complementing the nascent literature on trade, development and gender that has mostly focussed on the manufacturing sector.