COMPARISON OF COLONIST AND INDIGENOUS AMAZONIAN LAND USE

该项目的目标是确定影响厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区移民殖民者和土著居民土地使用强度的人口、社会经济和生物物理因素。 在早先的一个项目中收集的关于殖民者的数据将由在土著地区收集的新数据加以补充。 数据分析比较和对比的行为和决定因素之间的殖民者和土著居民和四个土著群体，这在不同的领土大小，人口规模和密度，以及融入市场经济的程度。利用人口学、景观生态学和政治生态学的理论观点，我们建立了一个概念模型，将影响土地利用的人口、生物物理和社会经济因素与土地利用梯度强度联系起来。 将在五个土著社区进行人种学研究，以研究与人口和土地使用有关的态度、信仰和行为，并为调查问卷的编制提供信息。 使用这个模型，我们将（1）测量人口（家庭规模和组成）、生物物理（土地质量和可用性）和社会经济通过家庭和社区调查，了解殖民者和土著居民的（财产制度和获得关键基础设施的机会）因素;（2）使用全球定位系统接收器，查明住所、农田和土地使用情况;及（3）处理卫星图像以确定土地覆被类型、土地用途模式、景观特征及基础设施。将把地理参照的社会经济、人口和生物物理数据纳入地理信息系统，以便为土地利用密集度决定因素的多层次统计模型得出计量。通过整合从土著居民和移民定居者收集的数据，该项目提供了基本上完全overage的土地使用在厄瓜多尔亚马逊东北部，并测试一般假设，阐明在世界其他地区的土地使用模式。 厄瓜多尔亚马逊河流域是提议的更新世主要森林避难所之一（Haffer，1969年），是一个动植物多样性和特有性非常丰富的地区。厄瓜多尔每年损失约1.8%的亚马逊森林，这是亚马逊流域国家中损失率最高的。 因此，这个地区是一个很好的研究地点，可以观察到面对人口日益稠密的雨林边境，迅速增长的小农人口和多样化的土著人口的行为。

The objective of the project is to determine the demographic, socio-economic and biophysical factors affecting the intensity of land use by migrant colonists and indigenous populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Data on colonists collected in an earlier project will be complemented by new data collection in indigenous areas. The data analysis compares and contrasts behavior and determinants between colonist and indigenous populations and among four indigenous groups, which differ in size of territory, population size and density, and degree of integration into the market economy. Drawing upon the theoretical perspectives of demography, landscape ecology, and political ecology, we develop a conceptual model which links the demographic, biophysical, and socio- economic factors influencing land use to an intensity of land use gradient. An ethnographic study in five indigenous communities will be carried out to study the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors pertaining to population and land use, and to inform the development of survey questionnaires. Using this model, we will (1) measure the demographic (household size and composition), biophysical (land quality and availability), and socioeconomic (property regimes and access to key infrastructure) factors for colonists and indigenous populations through household and community surveys; (2) use Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to identify dwellings, agricultural plots, and land use; and (3) process satellite imagery to determine land cover types, land use patterns, landscape features and infrastructure. The geo-referenced socio-economic, demographic, and biophysical data will be integrated within a geographic information system (GIS) in order to derive measures for multi-level statistical models of the determinants of land use intensity. By integrating data collected from both native residents and migrant settlers, this project provides essentially complete overage of land use in the northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon, and tests general hypotheses which elucidate land use patterns in other parts of the world. The Ecuadorian Amazon, one of the proposed primary Pleistocene forest refugia (Haffer, 1969), is an area of extraordinary plant and animal diversity and endemism. Ecuador is losing about 1.8 percent of its Amazon forests per year-the highest loss rate of any Amazon basin country. This region is thus an excellent study site for observing the behavior of rapidly growing populations of small farmers and a diverse population of indigenous peoples in the face of an increasingly densely-populated rainforest frontier.