Sibling Socialization Effects: A Twin-Friend Design

描述(申请人提供)：拟进行的研究将考察兄弟姐妹 社会化效应与青春期起病非攻击性人格的发展 行为问题。调查的目标是了解在什么情况下 条件手足关系促进越轨行为的发展 行为。这项研究是纵向分析的第一个时间点 兄弟姐妹关系、同伴体验和 青少年发作性犯罪。基于生物社会和社会的假说 学习理论，将针对每个目标进行测试。的三个目标 研究内容如下：(1)采用独特的设计来考察儿童的天性 童年中期的手足关系；(2)检查双胞胎和朋友 在行为问题、认知能力、个性和同伴方面的相似性 经验；(3)检验双胞胎/兄弟姐妹关系对 同伴经验和行为问题之间的联系。新奇的设计 包括342对8至11岁的儿童(及其父母) 6对同龄双胞胎：57对同卵双胞胎，57对同卵异卵双胞胎 对，57对异性异卵双胞胎，57对同性，同龄，无血缘关系 兄弟姐妹对，57对异性，同龄，无血缘关系的对和57对朋友 成对的。同龄的、没有血缘关系的兄弟姐妹从小一起长大，复制了 双胞胎，但没有遗传关系。此外，每个人的一位朋友 同性双胞胎中的双胞胎将通过电话接受采访。一个 将使用各种方法来评估相关构造(例如， 标准化评估、家长和子女报告、对社会问题的观察 互动，以及与父母、兄弟姐妹和朋友的电话采访)。 相互尊重、竞争、合作、温暖、冲突和 将评估兄弟姐妹关系中的时间参与情况。多重 孩子们的友谊和同龄人群体的方方面面也将被考察 亲子关系的质量。儿童和儿童的作用 还将探讨朋友的个人特点和兴趣爱好。结果 这些措施将包括评估儿童的攻击性水平， 青少年、孤独、抑郁和焦虑，以及儿童 人格特征和认知能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study will examine sibling socialization effects and the development of adolescent-onset, non-aggressive behavior problems. The goal of the investigation is to understand under what conditions the sibling relationship promotes the development of deviant behavior. The study is the first time point in a longitudinal analysis of connections between sibling relationships, peer experiences, and adolescent-onset delinquency. Hypotheses, based on biosocial and social learning theories, will be tested in relation to each aim. The three aims of the study are: (1) To apply a unique design to examine the nature of childrens sibling relationships during middle childhood; (2) To examine twin and friend similarity in behavior problems, cognitive abilities, personality, and peer experiences; (3) To test a model of twin/sibling relationship effects on connections between peer experiences and behavior problems. The novel design includes 342 pairs of children (and their parents) between 8 and 11 years old in six same-age dyads: 57 monozygotic twin pairs, 57 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs, 57 opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs, 57 same-sex, same-aged, unrelated sibling pairs, 57 opposite-sex, same-aged, unrelated pairs and 57 friend-friend pairs. Same-age, unrelated siblings raised together since infancy replicate the twin situation but without genetic relatedness. In addition, a friend of each twin in the same-sex twin pairs will be interviewed over the telephone. A variety of methods will be used to assess the relevant constructs (e.g., standardized assessments, parent and child reports, observations of social interaction, and telephone interviews with parents, siblings, and friends). Levels of mutual respect, competition, cooperation, warmth, conflict, and temporal involvement in the sibling relationship will be assessed. Multiple aspects of the childrens friendships and peer groups will be examined, as well as the quality of the parent-child relationships. The role of childrens and friends personal characteristics and interests will be also explored. Outcome measures will include assessments of childrens levels of aggression, delinquency, loneliness, depression, and anxiety, as well as childrens personality characteristics and cognitive abilities.