Situating Everyday First Aid: Social Practices and Settings of Incidents and Help

这个项目调查的是急救的社会组织。它侧重于急救“事故”发生的社会和制度环境，以及这些环境如何影响随后发生的各种“反应”。其目的是通过将急救事件定位为嵌入社会实践的空间和时间顺序中的不同事件而不是随机事件，从而更好地理解事故、风险和危害。虽然特定类型的急救事件发生在特定的社会环境中并由其形成，但急救培训的教育和研究目前不受地点的特殊性或发生在不同环境中的事故历史的影响。拟议的项目开发了一种新的社会学方法来研究急救事件和反应，借鉴了社会实践理论(例如Shve等人，2012年)和公共卫生中新兴的实证工作(Blue等人，2016)的理论资源。拟议的研究将为急救教育研究领域带来一个新的视角，这是一个行为范式占主导地位的领域(例如，见Latane&Darley，1968)。行为急救方法的局限性之一是，通过关注个人的生理、生物和心理‘反应’，它将急救事件和反应发生的社会环境隔开。相比之下，该项目将首次对急救事件和反应，以及两者如何与日常社会实践相结合进行“对称”分析。对急救“案例”的调查将反过来为实践提供有关社会处境和响应现象(如“帮助”)的理论描述。

This project investigates the social organisation of first aid. It focuses on the social and institutional settings within which first aid 'incidents' occur and on how those settings influence the kinds of 'responses' that follow. The aim is to provide a better understanding of accidents, risks, and harms by positioning first aid incidents not as random events but as embedded in the spatial and temporal ordering of social practices.Whileparticular kinds of first aid incidents arise in and are shaped by specificsocial settings, firstaid trainingeducation and researcharenot currently informed by the specificity of place, or by the histories of accidents that occur in distinctcontexts. Theproposed project developsa novel sociological approach to the study of firstaid incidentsand responses, drawing on theoretical resources from social theories of practice (e.g. Shove et al., 2012)and emerging empirical work in public health (Blue et al., 2016).The proposed research will bring a fresh perspective to the field of first aid education research,a field in which behavioural paradigms dominate (see, for example, Latane & Darley, 1968). One of the limitations of a behavioural approach to first aid is that by focusing on the physical, biological, and psychological 'responses' of individuals, it brackets off the social settings in which first aid incidents and responses occur. By contrast, the studentship will develop, for the first time, a 'symmetrical' analysis of first aid incidents and responses, and of how both intersect with everyday social practices. Investigation of the 'case' of first aid will, in turn, inform practice theoretical accounts of socially situated and responsive phenomena like 'help'.