high-energy radiation particles and their effects on the thermal and dynamical properties of galaxies and their environments

星系随时间演化，星系演化是一个复杂的过程序列，由内部恒星形成活动、气体流入和流出之间的相互作用以及与环境的相互作用决定，这些环境包括邻近的星系、银河系周围的介质和主场(例如成群或成团)。这个项目研究了处于演化特定阶段的星系的热力学和动力学性质对各种因素的响应，特别是恒星形成过程中产生的高能辐射和粒子的反馈。更具体地说，学生将建立一个星系与高能辐射和粒子之间相互作用的场景，以数学模式表达该场景，并在模型中求解相应的方程(解析和数值)，以获得可用于与观测进行比较和进行可验证的预测的定量结果。学生还将在场景如何适应更大图景的背景下探索后果，例如关于宇宙在银河系及以上星系尺度上的结构形成。它是一个现象学和理论相结合的项目，有一个数值元素。

Galaxies evolve with time and galactic evolution is a complex sequence of processes determined by the interplay between star-formation activity within, the gas inflow and outflow and the interaction with the environments, which include the neighbouring galaxies, the circum-galactic medium and host field (e.g. in groups or in clusters). This project investigates how the thermal and dynamical properties galaxies at certain stage of the evolution respond to various factors, in particular, the feedback due to the high-energy radiation and particles produced in the star-forming processes. More specifically, the student will build a scenario of the interaction between galaxies and the high-energy radiation and particles, formulate the scenario in a mathematical mode and solve the corresponding equations (analytically and numerically) in the model to obtain quantitative results, that can be used for comparison with observations and for making testable predictions. The student will also explore the consequences in the context of how the scenario fits in the bigger picture, such as that regarding the structural formation in the Universe on the galactic and above galactic scales. It is a combined phenomenological and theoretical project with a numerical element.