Thermal structure of the northwest Atlantic during the Quaternary

海洋环流是地球气候系统的一个重要组成部分，它通过在大气、海洋表层和深海之间储存和重新分配热量的能力对地球气候系统产生影响。特别是，AMOC变率与热带辐合带平均位置的变化、北欧海域的区域变暖有关，甚至被认为是古气候突变的一个因素。海洋温度既是海洋环流的示踪器，也是驱动器，鉴于海洋环流与气候之间的紧密联系，确定海洋温度的演变对于更好地了解过去的气候变化至关重要。由于现代观测最多限于最近~150年，因此需要古海洋学代用物来重建仪器记录之外的过去海洋环流变化。在过去的几十年里，元素和同位素代用物的发展取得了显著的进展，包括有孔虫Mg/Ca的精化和块状同位素古温学。当结合使用时，这些代理有可能提供对海洋热结构的可靠估计，因此将提供对过去海洋环流的新见解，这将使用于未来预测的气候模式模拟的测试和改进成为可能。

Ocean circulation is a critical component of the earth's climate system, which it affects via itscapacity to store and redistribute heat between the atmosphere, surface ocean, and deepocean. In particular, AMOC variability is linked to changes in the mean position of the IntertropicalConvergence Zone, regional warming in the Nordic Seas, and has even been invokedas a player in abrupt paleoclimate shifts. Ocean temperature is both a tracer and driver ofocean circulation, and given the strong link between ocean circulation and climate,determining the temperature evolution of the oceans is vital in order to develop a betterunderstanding of past climate change. Since modern observations are limited to the last ~150years at most, paleoceanographic proxies are required to reconstruct past changes in oceancirculation beyond the instrumental record. Over the last few decades there has beenremarkable progress in the development of elemental and isotopic proxies, includingrefinements in foraminiferal Mg/Ca and clumped isotope paleothermometry. When used incombination, these proxies have the potential to deliver robust estimates of oceanic thermalstructure and will therefore provide new insights into past ocean circulation that will enable thetesting and improvement of climate model simulations used for future predictions.