Validating Child Immunization Coverage from Fine Resolution Mapping with Community-based Ancillary Data

本研究将利用这些数据预测社区一级的儿童免疫覆盖率。这些发现可以用来解释精细空间分辨率映射的局部有效性。本研究将探讨的研究问题是：1。社区常规卫生信息系统估计的儿童免疫覆盖率是多少？卫生信息系统免疫覆盖率是否表明人群之间存在任何差异（例如，按地点、家庭财富）？3 .利用世界人口计划开发的技术，利用精细分辨率制图估计不同社区内的儿童免疫水平如何？精细分辨率测绘的儿童免疫估计与常规卫生信息系统的估计相匹配的准确性如何？如何将这些结果反馈到精细分辨率映射中以提高精度？危地马拉可以作为解决这些问题的案例研究。危地马拉是一个以农村和山区为主的国家，其人口普查（上次人口普查是在2002年）可能没有完全覆盖，特别是对占人口一半的土著人口。为了应对土著人口受到社会排斥的问题，2003年建立并实施了一种新的初级保健模式。新的保健模式侧重于土著人口的社会文化包容和加强四个农村社区（Ajú和Oliva， 2005年）。这一新设计为地方一级的决策生成常规健康数据，并从传统土著助产士（也是社区领导人）、社区志愿者、当地护士和医生进行的社区监测中收集数据（Feo和Tobar， 2013年）。常规卫生数据制作现已与卫生部信息系统整合，将这种初级卫生保健方法推广到其他社区是当前政治议程的一部分（MSPAS 2016）。这项研究的结果将增加我们对地方规划替代方案的认识，并支持使用地方常规信息系统进行决策和分配资源。通过对精细分辨率测绘估计值的验证，这些发现可以证明对其他没有有效和准确的国家HIS的低收入国家是有价值的。

This research will use this data to predict the child immunization coverage at community level. These findings can be used to account for local validity of fine spatial resolution mapping. The research questions that the research will examine are: 1. What is the child immunization coverage estimated from the routine health information system by community?2. Does the health information system immunization coverage indicate that there are any differences between population groups (e.g. by location, household wealth)?3. What are the levels of child immunization within different communities are as estimated using fine resolution mapping, using techniques developed by WorldPop?4. How accurately does the fine resolution mapping child immunization estimates match with estimates from the routine health information system?5. How can these results be fed back into the fine resolution mapping in order to improve accuracy?Guatemala can be used as a case study to address these questions. Guatemala is a predominantly rural and mountainous country, with an outdated census (last census was in 2002) that likely did not reach full coverage particularly for the indigenous population, who make half of the population. As a response to the social exclusion of the indigenous population, a new model of primary health care was created and implemented in 2003. The new model of health care has focused on socio-cultural inclusion of indigenous population and the strengthening of four rural communities (Ajú and Oliva 2005). This new design, generates routine health data for decision making at local level and data is collected from community surveillance conducted by traditional indigenous midwives (who are also community leaders), community volunteers, local nurses and physicians (Feo and Tobar 2013). The routine health data production is now integrated with the Ministry of Health (MoH) information system and expansion of this primary health care approach to other communities is part of the current political agenda (MSPAS 2016). The findings of this research will increase our knowledge about alternatives for local planning and support the use of local routine information systems for decision making and allocate resources. The findings can prove valuable for other LMICs without a functioning and accurate national HIS through the validation of the validation of the fine resolution mapping estimates.