Who and What Counts as Local in the Central Eastern European Periphery: Spatial-Temporal Belonging, Local-ness in the Hungarian Countryside

这个跨学科的论文将有助于理解文化认同和从欧洲的知识边界，中欧东欧（CEE）。它认为这个边界地带被西方的分类所困，这些分类倾向于将空间差异转化为时间差异，将非西方的做法和习俗理解为文化和发展落后的标志。当当地精英对中东欧国家的边缘地区采用类似的思维时，这种情况进一步加剧。该项目以此为背景，考察了匈牙利东北部农村最贫穷地区的社区旅游发展尝试。这些倡议得到非政府组织部门的支持，而在匈牙利，非政府组织部门被主要来自首都的当地知识精英所垄断（Hann 1995, Lomax 1997, Ray 1996）。在这种背景下，该项目着眼于如何定义“本地性”，以及谁在这些发展中控制乡村性和地方性的感觉。要研究的特定企业开始着手实现由博士合作伙伴非政府组织支持的本地版本的placeidentity的协作创建。这是一个通过徒步旅行跨越罗姆人和匈牙利人身份分歧的版本。这些旅行通过许多不同的物体、动物、作物、设备和空间故事中的建筑物来调动地点，提供的不仅仅是视觉上的风景消费。该项目采用口述历史访谈、文献、“随同”访谈和参与式观察来研究社区在旅游遭遇中塑造自己的地方版本。

This interdisciplinary dissertation will contribute to understanding cultural identity in and from Europe's epistemic borderland, Central Eastern Europe (CEE). It sees this border zone as trapped by Western categories that tend to translate spatial differences into temporal ones, understanding non-Western practices and customs as signs of cultural and developmental backwardness. This is further exacerbated when local elites deploy similar thinking regarding marginalized areas within countries of the CEE. The project uses this as the context to examine attempts at community-based tourism development in one of the poorest regions in Hungary, in the rural North-East of the country. These initiatives are being supported by the NGO sector which, in Hungary, is monopolized by the local intellectual elite, mainly from the capital (Hann 1995, Lomax 1997, and Ray 1996). In this setting, the project looks at how 'local-ness' is defined and who controls senses of rurality and locality in these developments. The specific enterprise to be studied sets out to enable a collaborative creation of a local version of placeidentity that is supported by the PhD partner NGO. It is a version that straddles divisions of ethnic Roma and Hungarian identity through walking tours. These tours mobilise place through many different objects, animals, crops, equipment, and buildings in spatial stories that offer more than a visual consumption of scenery. The project uses oral history interviews, documents, 'go along' interviews and participant observation to study the community fashioning its own version of place in the tourism encounter.