Infant-Mother Negotiation of Motor Risk

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究的总体目标是促进对婴儿如何体重的理解，并整合感知和社会信息，以做出行动决定。我们在潜在危险的运动任务的背景下解决这个问题，在这些任务中，关于行动的决定对婴儿的安全具有实际后果。项目1的目的是检查母亲主动提供的社交信息、婴儿的运动经验以及相对风险程度对婴儿在新的运动任务中做出运动决定的影响。在一个横截面的实验室实验中。8至18个月大的婴儿会爬行和走路，以应对穿越安全和危险的斜坡和缺口，而母亲们会改变她们的社交信息的内容(鼓励和劝阻)。项目2的目的是检查婴儿的运动经验和相对风险程度对婴儿请求母亲支持的影响。同样，不同年龄和运动能力的婴儿将应对穿越安全和危险的斜坡和缺口，这一次是在他们的母亲在场但不在场的情况下。项目3的目的是绘制婴儿-母亲谈判的微遗传轨迹图，因为母亲帮助她们的婴儿掌握新的、潜在危险的运动任务。母亲们将在反复访问实验室的过程中教她们11到18个月大的婴儿从高台上下来。在这个模拟日常潜在风险的二元谈判的实验室中，婴儿和母亲可以随心所欲地处理这项任务。训练结束时的转会测试将评估双方的谈判是否具有特定的任务。详细的顺序分析贯穿于项目2和项目3，以测试二元组谈判在实际和发展时间上的时间展开规律。这些研究测试了可能影响婴儿何时成为各种信息源的使用者和寻求者的发展和情景因素，以及母亲是否以及在多大程度上将她们的交流与婴儿的学习和发展水平相协调。这一研究领域的进展有望阐明随着婴儿掌握新技能并在婴儿时期预防事故和促进技能获得方面的实际应用，二元谈判的性质正在发生变化。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to advance understanding of how infants weigh and integrate perceptual and social information for making decisions about action. We address this problem in the context of potentially risky motor tasks, where decisions about action have practical consequences for infants' safety. The aim of Project 1 is to examine the effects of mothers' unsolicited social messages, infants' motor experience, and the relative degree of risk on infants' motor decisions in novel locomotor tasks. In a cross-sectional laboratory experiment. 8- to 18-month old crawling and walking infants from will cope with traversing safe and risky slopes and gaps while mothers vary the content of their social messages (encourage, discourage). The aim of Project 2 is to examine the effects of infants' motor experience and the relative degree of risk on infants' solicitation of maternal support. Again, infants of varying ages and locomotor abilities will cope with traversing safe and risky slopes and gaps, this time while their mothers are present but unavailable. The aim of Project 3 is to chart the microgenetic trajectory of infant-mother negotiations as mothers help their infants to master new, potentially risky locomotor tasks. Mothers will teach their 11- to 18-month-old infants to descend from a high platform during repeated visits to the laboratory. In this laboratory analogue of everyday dyadic negotiation of potential risk, infants and mothers are free to cope with the task as they like. Transfer tests at the end of training will assess whether dyads' negotiations are task-specific. Detailed sequential analyses are woven through Projects 2 and 3 to test for regularities in the temporal unfolding of dyads' negotiations across real and developmental time. The studies test developmental and situational factors that may affect when infants are users and seekers of various sources of information, and whether and how closely mothers attune their communications to infants' level of learning and development. Progress in this area of research promises to illuminate the changing nature of dyadic negotiations as infants master new skills and has practical applications for preventing accidents and promoting skill acquisition in infancy.