Seasonal inorganic carbon dynamics at the land-ocean interface

英国已经批准的2015年巴黎协定承诺，各国通过限制温室气体排放，将全球变暖控制在2摄氏度以下。海洋吸收了人类活动排放的二氧化碳（CO2）的四分之一。然而，河流将碳从陆地输送到海洋的海洋释气，是估算海洋二氧化碳吸收量的一个主要不确定因素，如全球碳预算（http：//www.globalcarbonproject.org/）中所用的估算。这个博士研究生的目标是通过确定英国河口的有机碳降解如何增加这些河口和陆架海的二氧化碳释放来减少这种不确定性。该项目与蓝碳管理直接相关，蓝碳是以生物量和富碳沉积物形式储存在沿海和海洋生态系统中的碳。该项目与联合王国陆地海洋碳转移方案（LOCATE，http：//locate.ac.uk/）相联系，该方案在一年中的不同时间沿着联合王国20个河口的盐度梯度采集样本。该项目将通过分析碳酸盐化学参数来补充LOCATE方案。这将允许研究河口中有机碳分解为无机碳以及由此产生的CO2向大气中的释气。此外，学生将在英国沿海沃茨的两个Cefas智能浮标站点（https：//www.cefas.co.uk/cefas-data-hub/smartbuoys/）进行碳酸盐化学参数的全年采样，并参加北海范围的巡航。学生将联合收割机的新数据与现有的数据集的智能浮标和北海。这些河口和北海的碳数据的研究将提供一个洞察有机物降解如何增加无机碳负荷和陆地-海洋界面的碳转移。该研究将使英国能够量化河流碳的海洋释气，并将有助于更好地评估和管理蓝碳，从而解决与巴黎协定相关的关键知识差距。该项目将由英国政府海洋研究机构Cefas、国家海洋学中心（NOC）和东安格利亚大学（UEA）联合主办。主管人员是海洋生物化学家，他们在陆地-海洋碳转移、海洋观测、海洋碳循环和吸收、蓝碳以及将科学转化为政策相关信息方面具有专长。

The 2015 Paris agreement, which the UK has ratified, commits countries to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius by limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The oceans take up about a quarter of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by human activity. However, oceanic outgassing of carbon transported by rivers from the land to the oceans is a major uncertainty in estimates of the oceanic CO2 uptake, such as used in the Global Carbon Budget (http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/). This PhD studentship has the objective to reduce this uncertainty by determining how organic carbon degradation in UK estuaries increases CO2 release in these estuaries and shelf seas. The project is ofdirect relevance for management of blue carbon, the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems in the form of biomass and carbon-rich sediments. The project links to the UK programme on Land Ocean Carbon Transfer (LOCATE, http://locate.ac.uk/), in which samples are taken along the salinity gradient in 20 UK estuaries at different times of the year. The project will supplement the LOCATE programme with the analysis of carbonate chemistry parameters. This will allow study of the breakdown oforganic carbon to inorganic carbon in the estuaries and the resulting outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere. In addition, the student will undertake year-round sampling for carbonate chemistry parameters at two Cefas Smart Buoy sites (https://www.cefas.co.uk/cefas-data-hub/smartbuoys/) in UK coastal waters and participate in a North Sea-wide cruise. The student will combine the new data with existing data sets for the Smart Buoys and the North Sea. Study of these estuarine and North Sea carbon data will provide an insight into how organic matter degradation increases the inorganic carbon load and carbon transfer at the land-ocean interface. The research will enable quantification of oceanic outgassing of riverine carbon for the UK and will aid better valuation and management of blue carbon, thus addressing key knowledge gaps relevant for the Paris agreement. The project will be jointly hosted by Cefas, a UK government marine research agency, the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) and the University of East Anglia (UEA). The supervisors are marine biogeochemists with expertise in land-ocean carbon transfer, ocean observations, ocean carbon cycling and uptake, blue carbon and translating science into policy relevant information.