Motion and Sleep: Neuropsychology and Biomarkers

在3D视觉和重力世界中，“光流”提供了主导信息，机动性或“自我运动”是适应和生存的基础。来自前庭和运动感觉系统的正常信息必须整合起来，为自我运动提供一个共同的神经框架。相互冲突的感觉-运动条件可能会重新安排视觉、前庭和运动感觉线索之间的正常关系。在运动环境中，易受影响的受试者可能会经历晕动病或虚幻的自我运动，并伴有认知表现障碍。松果体褪黑激素调节睡眠-觉醒周期、嗜睡、情绪和认知表现。前庭刺激可能会改变睡眠，而太空病的变化则与Sopite综合征有关，有时这是唯一的晕动病表现。脑下垂体促肾上腺皮质激素和肾上腺皮质醇调节觉醒、压力和晕动病的易感性。认知能力和神经激素的变化发生在自我运动和晕动病中。这项建议的目的是：将年轻的男性和女性暴露在旋转的视动性眼震鼓中的视觉显示器中，以产生环状视觉(CV)和索匹特综合征(SSS)的症状，并确定小剂量[0或3毫克]的口服(舌下)褪黑素是否会影响内源性唾液褪黑素和皮质醇的水平，或增加CV和SSS的发生率、潜伏期和严重程度。拟议的商业应用：如果索匹特综合症和褪黑素相关，那么就有可能开发出对预测或控制嗜睡或睡眠感兴趣的产品。这项研究显然将为RSK评估带来极具竞争力的技术，预计这些技术将首先推向市场。通过这个项目的最终目标是开发一种可行的产品或产品线，并成功地将其推向市场。RSK在营销和分销以前的创新方面取得了一些成功，但为了确保以前和未来项目的大幅增长，我们正在大力发展我们的营销战略。

Mobility or "self-motion" is fundamental for adaptation and survival in 3D visual and gravitational worlds where "optic flow" provides dominant information. Normal information from vestibular and kinesthetic systems must be integrated to provide a common neural framework for self-motion. Conflicting sensory-motor conditions may rearrange normal relations among visual, vestibular, and kinesthetic cues. In moving environments, susceptible subjects may experience motion sickness or illusory self-motion, with cognitive performance disturbances. Pineal melatonin modulates sleep-wake cycles, drowsiness, mood, and cognitive performance. Sleep may be altered by vestibular stimulation changes in space sickness through relationships with the sopite syndrome, sometimes the sole motion sickness manifestation. Pituitary ACTH and adrenal cortisol regulate level of arousal, stress, and motion sickness susceptibility. Changes in cognitive performance and neurohormones occur in self-motion and in motion sickness. The aims of this proposal are to: expose young male and female adults to an optic display in a rotating optokinetic nystagmus drum to produce circular vection (CV) and symptoms of the sopite syndrome (SSS), and to determine whether small doses [0 or 3 mg] of oral (sublingual) melatonin can affect levels of endogenous salivary melatonin and cortisol, or increase the incidence, latency, and severity of CV and SSS. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: If sopite syndrome and melatonin can be related then it is possible that products will be developed where prediction or control of drowsiness or sleep are of interest. This research will clearly result in highly competitive technologies for RSK Assessments which are expected to be first to market. The ultimate objective through this project is to develop a viable product or product line and successfully bring it to market. RSK has experienced some success with the marketing and distribution of previous innovations, but to ensure substantial growth on previous and future projects, we are significantly developing our marketing strategies.