CANCER BIOLOGY

癌症生物学项目由35个参与成员组成，代表同行评审的资金总额为每年直接成本1660万美元（总成本2370万美元）。在过去两年中，其成员共发表了291篇与癌症相关的同行评议出版物，其中18%是规划内和规划间的合作。该计划的重点是将正常细胞转化为恶性肿瘤的分子机制，以及使肿瘤细胞逃避生长控制的特征。它还研究了它们如何暂停正常的分化途径，改变它们与邻近细胞和组织的关系，并获得侵袭或转移能力。了解这些机制和特性将有助于改进现有的癌症治疗方法，并有助于开发新的癌症诊断和治疗策略。为了实现其目标，癌症生物学计划由以下重点领域组成：1。生长控制：研究生长因子和肿瘤启动子的作用，细胞周期控制和癌基因的作用。2. 肿瘤发展中的细胞相互作用：细胞粘附分子、糖蛋白及其在细胞间和细胞基质相互作用、细胞侵袭和转移中的作用。3. 对细胞外刺激和应激的反应：信号转导机制、细胞因子转导、细胞因子生物学、细胞对基因毒性应激和癌蛋白激活的反应。4. 基础细胞生物学：正常细胞和肿瘤细胞内的蛋白质运输，蛋白质周转及其在细胞调节中的作用。5. 分化和发育的控制：淋巴细胞和髓细胞的分化和转录调控。6. 化学生物学：研究对肿瘤细胞有特殊作用的天然生物化合物和合成有机化学物质。

The Cancer Biology Program consists of 35 Participating Members, representing total peer-reviewed funding of $16.6 Million in annual direct costs ($23.7 Million in total costs). During the last two years, its Members generated a total of 291 cancer-relevant, peer-reviewed publications, 18% of which were intra- and inter-programmatic collaborations. The Program is focused on molecular mechanisms that convert normal cells into malignant tumors and on characteristics of tumor cells that enable them to escape growth control. It also investigates ways in which they suspend regular differentiation pathways, alter their relationships with neighboring cells and tissues and acquire invasive or metastatic capabilities. Understanding of these mechanisms and properties will facilitate improvement in existing cancer therapies and contribute to the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. To achieve its goals, the Cancer Biology Program is composed of the following focus areas: 1. Growth Control: investigation of growth factor and tumor promoter action, cell cycle control and oncogene action. 2. Cellular Interactions in Tumor Development: cell adhesion molecules, glycoproteins and their role in cell-to-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell invasiveness and metastasis. 3. Responses to Extracellular Stimuli and Stress: mechanisms of signal transduction, cytokine transduction, cytokine biology, cellular responses to genotoxic stress and oncoprotein activation. 4. Basic Cell Biology: protein trafficking within normal and tumor cells, protein turnover and its role in cell regulation. 5. Control of Differentiation and Development: lymphoid and myeloid cell differentiation and transcription regulation. 6. Chemical Biology: Investigation of natural biological compounds and synthetic organic chemicals which exert effects specifically on tumor cells.