PILOT--SES /HEALTH PATHWAYS--COGNITIVE BIAS MEASURE DEVELOPMENT

描述(改编自调查人员摘要)：社会经济地位(SES) 与儿童健康负相关；然而，这方面的调解人 协会还没有被很好地理解。在这项先导研究中，我们奠定了基础 为了测试一条潜在的心理路径，认知偏向 将模棱两可的情况解释为威胁，以及它与 心血管反应性，这是日后心血管疾病的风险因素。 来自较低社会经济地位背景的儿童被发现表现得更高 心血管对实验室应激源的反应。可能是因为这些 儿童，因为他们更频繁地暴露在危险和压力中，会发展成 偏向于解释广泛的情况，包括模棱两可的情况 具有威胁性。这些孩子可能会表现出高度的生理性 在这种情况下的反应性。这种类型的认知偏差(口译 具有威胁性的模棱两可的情况)可以作为调解人解释原因 SES低的儿童表现出更高的心血管反应性。生态上的 与不同自闭症儿童相关的认知偏差的有效测量 背景还没有发展，因此这项研究的第一个目标是 开发和测试专业制作的含糊和负面的视频 社交场合。这项初步研究的第二个目标是调查 儿童对这些视频的心血管反应。我们假设较低的 在模棱两可的过程中，SE将与更大的威胁感知相关，但不会 消极的情景以及SES与心血管疾病的关系 在模棱两可的情景中，反应性将通过威胁感知来调节。 最后，我们预计压力过大的生活事件会缓和以上情况 两性关系。也就是说，只有SES较低的儿童可能会经历许多或 至少有一次严重的负面生活事件会发展出这样的偏见。为了测试这些 假设，我们将首先开发和测试四个视频的可行性 使用40名高加索和非洲人样本的模棱两可和消极的情景 美国大学新生。然后，我们将测试心血管对这些药物的反应性 使用20名高加索人和非洲人样本的实验室协议中的视频 美国青少年。青少年也将被采访关于他们的 对这些情景的看法，并将被问及有压力的生活事件。 通过这项研究，我们试图建立一种调查 心理过程在自尊和健康关系中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): Socioeconomic status (SES) is negatively associated with children's health; however, mediators for this association are not well understood. In this pilot study, we lay the foundation for testing one potential psychological pathway, a cognitive bias toward interpreting ambiguous situations as threatening, and its relationship with cardiovascular reactivity, a risk factor for later cardiovascular disease. Children from lower SES backgrounds have been found to display elevated cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors. It may be that these children, because of their more frequent exposure to danger and stress, develop a bias toward interpreting a wide range of situations, including ambiguous ones as threatening. These children may then display heightened physiological reactivity during such situations. This type of cognitive bias (interpreting ambiguous situations as threatening) may serve as a mediator explaining why lower SES children display heightened cardiovascular reactivity. Ecologically valid measures of cognitive bias that are relevant to children of various SES backgrounds have not been developed, and thus the first goal of this study is to develop and test professionally produced videos of ambiguous and negative social situations. The second goal of this pilot study is to investigate children's cardiovascular responses to these videos. We hypothesize that lower SES will be associated with greater threat perception during ambiguous, but not negative, scenarios and that the relationship between SES and cardiovascular reactivity will be mediated by threat perception during ambiguous scenarios. Finally, we expect that stressful life events will moderate the above relationships. That is, only low SES children who may experience many or at least one severe negative life event will develop such a bias. To test these hypotheses, we will first develop and test the feasibility of four videos of ambiguous and negative scenarios using a sample of 40 Caucasian and African American college freshmen. We then will test cardiovascular reactivity to these videos in a laboratory protocol using a sample of 20 Caucasian and African American adolescents. Adolescents will also be interviewed about their perceptions of these scenarios, and will be asked about stressful life events. Through this study, we seek to establish a methodology for investigating the role of psychological processes in SES and health relationships.