Stress, Coping, and Well-Being of Custodial Grandparents

描述(由申请人提供)：全球目标是检查压力和 在受监护的祖父母之间的应对，一个不断增长但研究不足的问题 家庭照顾者的人口。照顾需求之间的复杂联系， 应对行为、资源、评估和身心健康结果 将以900名具有全国代表性的随机样本进行调查 祖父母抚养孙子(4至16岁)的原因是滥用药物和 父母忽视子女的其他原因。在900名祖父母中，招募了 通过随机数字拨号的多个网络采样，将有 来自同一家庭的700名祖母和200名祖父。数据将是 通过包括电话采访和邮寄在内的混合模式调查收集 问卷调查。目标1是检验祖母们的双因素模型 压力适应心理幸福感与家庭应对研究 运用结构方程模型对老年人照顾者进行研究。抑郁 症状和心理健康被视为不同的结果， 在压力和应对的一般模型中，每个人都有独特的前因。 身体健康被视为一项关键的资源和结果。过去的研究表明 涉及小的便利样本，并且没有检查照看结果 在仔细指定的理论模型的多变量背景下。目标 2是确定模型的结构和测量方面是否都 对于黑人(n=350)和白人(n=350)祖母来说是不变的。现有研究 涉及白人或黑人祖父母，以及罕见的研究 涉及这两个种族的研究结果都是模棱两可的。目标3是比较 祖母和祖父沿着模型中的关键照顾结构。 监护祖父，他们在过去的研究中基本上被忽视，是 假设报告的参与度更低、满意度更高、角色更少 与养育祖父母有关的压力和抑郁比祖母更大。 还将探讨按性别划分的可能的种族互动。目标4是为了获得 基线数据，以便最初的横断面调查可以演变为 变成一项纵向研究。目标5是将数据存档，以供最终使用 其他研究人员；这项研究的发现将为发展 为帮助监护祖父母及其家人而量身定做的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The global aim is to examine stress and coping among custodial grandparents, a growing but inadequately studied population of family caregivers. The complex links between caregiving demands, coping behaviors, resources, appraisals and physical and mental health outcomes will be explored with a random, nationally-representative sample of 900 grandparents raising grandchildren (ages 4 to 16) due to substance abuse and other causes of child neglect by parents. Of the 900 grandparents, recruited through multiplicity network sampling with random digit dialing, there will be 700 grandmothers and 200 grandfathers from the same households. Data will be collected by a mixed-mode survey including phone interviews and mailed questionnaires. Aim 1 is to test a two-factor model of grandmothers' psychological well-being adapted from stress and coping research on family caregivers to the elderly using structural equation modeling. Depressive symptoms and psychological well-being are regarded as distinct outcomes, with each having unique antecedents within a general model of stress and coping. Physical health is viewed as both a key resource and outcome. Past studies have involved small convenience samples, and have not examined caregiving outcomes within the multivariate context of carefully specified theoretical models. Aim 2 is to determine if both the structural and measurement aspects of the model are invariant for Black (n=350) and White (n=350) grandmothers. Extant studies have involved either White or Black grandparents, and the rare studies involving both races have yielded equivocal findings. Aim 3 is to compare grandmothers and grandfathers along key caregiving constructs within the model. Custodial grandfathers, who have been largely overlooked in past research, are hypothesized to report lower involvement, greater satisfaction, and less role strain and depression related to custodial grandparenting than do grandmothers. Possible race by gender interactions will also be explored. Aim 4 is to obtain baseline data so that this initial cross-sectional investigation may evolve into a longitudinal study. Aim 5 is to archive the data for eventual use by other researchers; The findings of this study will inform the development of interventions tailored to assist custodial grandparents and their families.