ALCOHOL PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：主要目的 拟议的项目是测试一个年龄较大的青少年的发展模型， 酒精使用和滥用，扩展了当前的心理社会互动模型 的使用。 该模型纳入了青少年个性化，这是 发展，在个人，家庭和同伴因素的背景下， 感知的压力和外化行为，以进一步了解酒精 在青春期后期和重度饮酒者中使用。 该模型 假设影响个体化的变量之间的因果关系 以及随后的直接和间接使用。 该车型将 探索了三个种族群体，非洲裔美国人，墨西哥裔美国人和 非西班牙裔白色青少年，期望种族差异 在个体化和家庭动力学中的作用将对 在物质使用上的个体化。 3500名青少年的样本， 9年级学生，将在4年内进行7次关于物质的调查 使用和这些心理社会因素。 此外，评估学校 成绩和行为将从学校收集。 拟建项目 我们将研究五个具体目标。 首先，调查人员建议， 在家庭因素的背景下研究个性化，如冲突， 凝聚力，沟通和养育;个人因素，如 冲动和情感;压力;和外化行为， 影响酒精使用和滥用。 第二，他们将审查 同伴关系对个体饮酒的影响， 家庭压力和发展因素。 第三，他们将调查 个体化对家庭关系的调节作用 因素，个人因素，压力，同伴因素和酒精使用。 第四，他们提出，随着时间的推移， 个体家庭、同伴、压力、外化行为和 个体化因素对随后的饮酒，饮酒，然后影响 这些社会心理因素。 第五，预计影响力 发展、个人、家庭和同伴因素将因 青少年的种族和性别。 多元纵向方法 包括结构方程模型和分层线性模型， 用来检验这些目标。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from investigator's abstract): The main objective of the proposed project is to test a developmental model of older adolescent alcohol use and abuse that extends current psychosocial interaction models of usage. The model incorporates adolescent individuation, a key aspect of development, in the context of individual, family, and peer factors, perceived stress, and externalizing behaviors to further understand alcohol use during later adolescence and with heavy drinkers. The proposed model hypothesizes causal sequences between variables that effect individuation and subsequently usage, both directly and indirectly. The model will be explored with three ethnic groups, African American, Mexican American and non-Hispanic White adolescents, with the expectation that ethnic differences in individuation and family dynamics will have a unique bearing on the role of individuation in substance use. A sample of 3500 adolescents, starting with 9th graders, will be surveyed 7 times over 4 years concerning substance use and these psychosocial factors. In addition, assessment of school grades and behavior will be collected from schools. The proposed project will examine five specific aims. First, the investigators propose to examine individuation in the context of family factors, such as conflict, cohesion, communication and parenting; individual factors, such as impulsivity and affectivity; stress; and externalizing behaviors that are influential for alcohol use and abuse. Second, they will examine the influence of peer relations on alcohol use in the context of individual, family, stress, and developmental factors. Third, they will investigate the moderating role of individuation on the relationships between family factors, individual factors, stress, and peer factors and alcohol use. Fourth, they propose that over time there are reciprocal and bi-directional effects of individual family, peer, stress, externalizing behaviors, and individuation factors on subsequent drinking, and that drinking then impacts these psychosocial factors. Fifth, it is expected that the influence of developmental, individual, family, and peer factors will vary based on ethnicity and gender of the adolescents. Multivariate longitudinal methods including structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear modeling will be used to examine these aims.