Electrochemical modification and deposition of bifunctional metal-alloys and metal-oxides

电催化剂在能量转换中起着极其重要的作用。虽然人们普遍认为铂是相对优秀的催化剂，但据报道，铂合金具有更高的催化活性[2]。在本实例中，一个铂黑电极被铂/Ru氧化物电极取代，效果增强。还考虑了其他非贵金属元素，如铜、镍等。然而，铂电极的问题不仅是生产成本，还包括在阻碍其催化活性和性能的过程中发生的电化学氧化[3]。目前和未来的工作将利用电化学和结构技术在原子水平上表征电解液和材料电极之间的内在关系，以了解是什么决定了电极材料的亲和力、稳定性和反应性。确定了三个目标：以铜和镍为例，研究在可变低pH浓度下的金属氧化；在氧化受控环境中的金属沉积；以及金属、双金属氧化物材料的电沉积。参考文献：[1]F.Vigier，C.Coutanceau，A.Perrard，E.M.Belgsir，C.Lamy，《应用电化学杂志》，34(2004)439-446[2]J.程，D.A.卡伦，R.V.森林，J.A.Wittkopf，Z.Z.，W.盛，J.G.Chen，Y.作为甲醇电氧化的有效催化剂，《美国化学促进会》，5(2015)1468-1474[3]J.Drnec，D.A.Harrington和O.M.Magnussen，《铂(111)在酸性溶液中的电氧化》，电化学现状4(2017)69-75

Electrocatalysts are extremely important in energy conversion. While it is universally accepted that platinum are relatively excellent catalysts, it is reported that platinum alloys have a higher catalytic activity [2]. In this present example, one Pt Black electrode was replaced by a Pt/Ru Oxide electrode with increased effects. Other non-noble element versions such as Cu, Ni have been considered. However, the issues with platinum electrodes are not only the production cost but also the electrochemical oxidations that occur during processes that hinder its catalytic activities and thus performance due to progressive degradation [3].The present and future work will deal with the characterisation of the intrinsic relationship between the electrolyte and the material electrode at atomic level with electrochemical and structural techniques so as to understanding what governs affinity, stability and reactivity of electrode materials. Three objectives are set: the study of metal oxidation in the case for instance of Cu and Ni in variable low pH concentration; the metal deposition in oxidising controlled environment and the metallic, bimetallic oxide material electrodeposition. In order to extrapolate and have consistent results, work will be done firstly on single crystal and then pursued on binary bulk crystals.References:[1] F. Vigier, C. Coutanceau, A. Perrard, E.M. Belgsir, C. Lamy, "Development of anode catalysts for a direct ethanol fuel cell", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 34 (2004) 439-446[2] J. Cheng, D.A. Cullen, R.V. Forest, J.A. Wittkopf, Z. Zhuang, W. Sheng, J.G. Chen, Y. Yan, "Platinum-Ruthenium Nanotubes and Platinum-Ruthenium Coated Copper Nanowires As Efficient Catalysts for Electro-Oxidation of Methanol", ASC Catalysis, 5 (2015) 1468-1474[3] J. Drnec, D.A. Harrington and O.M. Magnussen, "Electrooxidation of Pt(111) in acid solution", Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 4 (2017) 69-75