PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOR

NICHD研究建议扩大对大约1000名8-11岁儿童的数据收集，从而提供机会扩大研究范围，以检查环境决定因素对儿童中期发展某些方面的影响。这一建议在他们生命的前7年研究的一系列社会、情感、认知、语言和健康发展变量中增加了健康行为（身体活动）的维度。关于心理社会和教育发展与健康相关行为发展之间关系的研究在文献中很少，如果不是不存在的话。NICHD的幼儿保育研究，当扩展到中学阶段时，提供了一个机会，同时研究环境和背景对心理社会和学业发展的影响，以及身体活动行为的决定因素。本研究的具体目的是：1)在8- 11岁儿童的纵向样本中确定体育活动的前因；2)评估体育活动与其他社会心理、认知和学业发展指标之间的关系。一项拟议的措施，海滩（儿童健康评估系统的饮食和活动行为）已被验证为一种观察工具。它可以在理论框架（社会认知理论）内用于检查家庭和学校体育活动的决定因素。对上下文环境、互动（提示和后果）以及互动者的年龄、性别、种族和关系的详细分析将提供该年龄组所没有的数据。该仪器还可以进行修改，以观察与NICHD早期儿童保育调查员研究决定的最终协议相关的行为和相互作用。研究结果可能与其他与情绪和身体健康相关的关键发育跟踪领域产生重要关联。这项研究是独特的，因为在以往的任何前瞻性发展研究中，都没有将社会心理和健康行为的发展联系在一起。

The NICHD Study proposes to extend the data collection on approximately 1000 children, ages 8-11, thereby offering an opportunity to expand the study to examine the impact of environmental determinants on selected aspects of middle childhood development. This proposal adds a dimension of a health behavior (physical activity) to the battery of social, emotional, cognitive, linguistic, and health development variables studied over their first seven years of life. Studies of the relationships between psychosocial and educational development, and the development of a health-related behavior are rare if not nonexistent in the literature. The NICHD Study of Early Child Care, when extended to the middle school years, provides an opportunity to simultaneously study the environmental and contextual influences on psychosocial and academic development as well as the determinants of physical activity behaviors. The specific aims of the research are: 1) to determine the antecedents of physical activity in a longitudinal sample of 8- to 11-year-old children; and, 2) to assess relationships between physical activity and other measures of psychosocial, cognitive, and academic development. A proposed measure, BEACHES (Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children's Health Evaluation System) has been validated as an observation tool. It can be used, within a theoretical framework (social cognitive theory), to examine home and school determinants of physical activity. The detailed analysis of the contextual environment, interactions (prompts and consequences), as well as the interactors' age, gender, ethnicity, and relationships will provide data not available in this age group. The instrument could also be modified to observe behaviors and interactions relevant to a final protocol decided upon by the NICHD Study of Early Child Care Investigators. The results may yield important associations with other key developmental tracking areas related to emotional and physical health. The study is unique because psychosocial and health behavior developmental strands have not previously been woven together in any prospective study of development.