POST CONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS: CHILDREN WITH MILD HEAD INJURY

儿童和父母经常报告各种症状 在轻度闭合性头部损伤(CHI)之后。这些脑震荡后的症状通常 在没有任何脑创伤的客观证据的情况下发生，尽管 标准化认知测试大幅回升。因此，辩论 继续探讨脑震荡后的决定因素和后果 轻微赤气后出现症状。拟议研究的具体目的是 考察(1)自然历史，(2)预测，和(3)后果 轻度CHI患儿的脑震荡后症状。这项研究将涉及200人 8至15岁的儿童患有轻度迟缓，100岁儿童患有轻度骨科损伤 不让负责人参与同时进行的队列/前瞻性研究设计。这个 儿童及其家庭将在第一年接受四次评估 伤后(即伤后1周、1个月、3个月和12个月)。 脑震荡后的症状将使用评价表和访谈进行评估， 孩子和父母都是告密者。震荡后遗症的预测因素 症状包括损伤特征、认知能力和 与伤害无关的儿童和家庭变量。有待评估的结果包括 孩子和家庭的学校表现、健康利用和其他方面 功能正常。这项研究将检验三个主要假设：(1)患有 轻度CHI会比轻度CHI表现出更多的脑震荡后症状 骨科损伤，尽管发病率的组差异预计将 随着症状类型和受伤后时间的不同而不同；(2) 脑震荡后症状将与(A)损伤特征，(B) 损伤导致认知能力受损的程度，以及 (C)与伤害无关的儿童和家庭因素。这些关系又是 预计会随着症状类型和受伤后的时间而变化；和(3) 严重的脑震荡后症状将与更多的儿童残疾相关。 这项研究将导致对伤害的作用有更清晰的理解 特征、损伤后认知状态和非损伤相关因素 在轻度脑震荡后症状的发生和持续中发挥作用 气在儿童和青少年中。这项研究还将为我们提供关于 这些症状对儿童的功能后果。这些发现将对我们有所帮助 解决与轻度相关的结果的科学争议 CHI，并将协助医生和其他医疗保健提供者识别 轻度气的后遗症及有效处理。

Children and parents frequently report a variety of symptoms following mild closed-head injuries (CHI). These post-concussive symptoms often occur in the absence of any objective evidence of brain trauma and despite substantial recovery on standardized cognitive testing. Debate therefore continues regarding the determinants and consequences of post-concussive symptoms following mild CHI. The specific aims of the proposed study are to examine the (1) natural history, (2) prediction, and (3) consequences of post-concussive symptoms in children with mild CHI. The study will involve 200 8 to 15 year old children with mild CHI and 100 with mild orthopedic injuries not involving the head in a concurrent cohort/prospective research design. The children and their families will be assessed four times during the first year post-injury (i.e., at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months post-injury). Post-concussive symptoms will be assessed using rating scales and interviews, with both children and parents as informants. Predictors of post-concussive symptoms will include injury characteristics, cognitive abilities, and non-injury related child and family variables. Outcomes to be assessed include school performance, health utilization, and other aspects of child and family functioning. The study will examine three major hypotheses: (1) Children with mild CHI will display more post-concussive symptoms than children with mild orthopedic injuries, although group differences in incidence are expected to vary as a function of symptom type and time since injury; (2) The incidence of post-concussive symptoms will be related to (a) injury characteristics, (b) the extent to which the injury results in impairment in cognitive performance, and (c) non-injury related child and family factors. These relationships again are expected to vary as a function of symptom type and time since injury; and (3) Severe post-concussive symptoms will be associated with more child disability. The study will result in a clearer understanding of the roles that injury characteristics, post-injury cognitive status, and non-injury related factors play in the onset and persistence of post-concussive symptoms following mild CHI in children and adolescents. The study also will provide insights into the functional consequences of those symptoms for children. The findings will help resolve the scientific controversy regarding the outcomes associated with mild CHI, and will assist physicians and other health care providers in identifying the sequelae of mild CHI and managing them effectively.