Reducing Sexual Aggression in Male College Students: An Investigation of Self-help Interventions

与全国平均水平相比，英国大学校园中男性性犯罪的发生率高得令人担忧。尽管如此，还没有制定干预措施来帮助降低男生的性犯罪率。有趣的是，当代美国的研究表明，情绪调节缺陷--性犯罪者累犯的一个关键风险因素--在大学男生中也很突出。因此，干预措施侧重于改善情绪管理（例如，认知行为疗法（CBT），正念）可以提供一种有效的手段，减少校园性侵犯。如果设计为自引导且易于访问（例如，通过一个在线门户网站），这种干预措施可以长期减少大量学生中的性侵犯。目标1.评估低强度在线CBT干预和基于正念的认知疗法（MBCT）干预在减少大学男生性侵犯方面的有效性; 2.比较这些干预措施在减少大学男生性侵犯方面的效果; 3.探索与自助干预措施中的一种或两种相关的变化机制，如果它们被发现是有效的。博士的结构我将进行至少四个新的实证研究，以调查上述目标。参与者将包括通过自愿抽样技术在线招募的大学男性，他们在性侵犯吸引力量表4上自我报告有性侵犯倾向。将使用先验把握度分析确定受试者数量。请注意，下文所述的所有干预措施将包括在线自我引导课程，指导参与者完成选定的15至30分钟活动，这些活动将在四至六周内完成。这些活动将帮助参与者制定有效的应对策略，以改变他们无益的认知模式，并将使用关键的临床文献进行设计。研究一将评估CBT干预在减少大学男生性侵犯方面的有效性。A3（时间：T1 vs. T2 vs. T3）x 2（组：实验组vs.对照组）混合设计方差分析将用于比较参与者自我报告的性侵犯评级-使用性侵犯吸引量表4测量-在干预之前，期间和完成之后。将采用事后t检验探索显著的相互作用。情绪调节困难量表，人际反应指数6和研究参与量表也将由参与者填写博士奖学金申请表6/11/2017 3，以评估情绪调节和同理心的变化，以及干预措施的参与程度。研究二将遵循与研究一相同的结构，但将评估MBCT干预在减少性侵犯方面的功效。然后，研究三将比较CBT和MBCT干预在减少性侵犯方面的有效性，并将提供复制任何显著效果的机会。第四项研究将探讨是否有特定因素介导了在线CBT干预与参与者性侵犯减少之间的关系。假设的介质-来自临床文献-将使用研究1和研究2的T1和T3参与者完成的相关自我报告测量进行评估。将使用调解的因果步骤方法对数据进行分析。

Compared to national averages, the incident rate of male-perpetrated sexual offences is worryingly high on UK university campuses. Despite this, there have been no established interventions designed to help lower sexual offence rates amongst male students. Interestingly, contemporary US research has suggested that emotional regulation deficits - a key risk factor for sexual offender recidivism - are also salient amongst university males . As such, interventions focussing on improving emotional management (e.g., cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT], mindfulness) may provide an effective means of reducing sexual assaults on campuses. If designed to be self-led and made easily accessible (e.g., via an online portal), such interventions could bring about long-term reductions in sexual aggression amongst large groups of students. Aims 1. To assess the efficacy of a low-intensity online CBT intervention and a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) intervention in reducing sexual aggression amongst university males; 2. To compare the efficacy of these interventions in reducing sexual aggression amongst university males; 3. To explore the mechanisms of change associated with either or both of the self-help interventions, if they are found to be effective. Structure of PhD I will conduct at least four novel empirical studies to investigate the above aims. Participants will comprise university males, recruited online via voluntary sampling techniques, who self-report a proclivity towards sexual aggression on the attraction to sexual aggression scale4 . Participant numbers will be determined using a-priori power analyses. Note, all interventions described below will comprise online self-led courses that guide participants through a selection of 15 to 30-minute activities, which are to be completed over a four to six-week period. These activities will help participants to develop effective coping strategies to change their unhelpful cognitive patterns, and will be designed using key clinical literature. Study One will assess the efficacy of a CBT intervention in reducing sexual aggression amongst university males. A 3 (Time: T1 vs. T2 vs. T3) x 2 (Group: Experimental vs. Control) mixed-design ANOVA will be used to compare participants' self-reported sexual aggression ratings - as measured using the attraction to sexual aggression scale4 - before, during, and after completion of the intervention. Significant interactions will be explored with post-hoc t-tests. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale , the Interpersonal Reactivity Index6 , and a research engagement scale will also be PhD Scholarship Application Form 6/11/2017 3 completed by participants to assess changes in emotional regulation and empathy, and level of participation in the interventions respectively. Study Two will follow the same structure as Study One, but will assess the efficacy of an MBCT intervention in reducing sexual aggression. Study Three will then compare the efficacy of the CBT and MBCT interventions in reducing sexual aggression, and will provide an opportunity to replicate any significant effects. Study Four will explore whether particular factors mediate the relationship between the online CBT intervention and reductions in participants' sexual aggression. The hypothesized mediators - derived from clinical literature - will be assessed using relevant self-report measures completed by participants at T1 and T3 of Studies One and Two. Data will be analysed using the causal steps approach to mediation.