Putting Things in Place: A Material Culture Approach to the Study of Early Neolithic Houses in Britain and Ireland.

从中石器时代到新石器时代的过渡通常被理解为一个直接的进步，在这个过程中，流动的狩猎采集生活方式被以农业为基础的永久定居所取代。这幅新石器时代社会的图景受到了来自中欧和欧洲东南部的考古证据的重大影响，在这些考古证据中，可以追溯到这一时期的永久居住家庭的存在似乎已经得到了很好的证实（例如Hodder 1990）。考虑到驯化和向定居主义过渡的过程，房屋在该地区新石器时代的叙述中占据重要地位也就不足为奇了。与此同时，来自不列颠群岛的证据的特征似乎并不总是坚持这种简化的、通常被接受的新石器时代观点。虽然有证据表明这一时期有房屋存在，但与欧洲其他地区相比，数据似乎相当少。这使得不列颠群岛的新石器时代格外有趣。虽然木材、土方工程和巨石纪念碑像在大陆上一样广泛分布，但房屋的证据，以及由此延伸出来的定居点的特征，在北海以西和英吉利海峡以北移动时，似乎是非常独特的。在英国和爱尔兰，最早可以与房屋相提并论的新石器时代建筑是木结构。这些建筑代表了不列颠群岛新石器时代建筑的第一个例子，在堤道围墙、长墓和通道坟墓等纪念性项目发展之前（布拉德利，2007:42）。然而，它们的构造和使用似乎不一样

The transition from the Mesolithic to Neolithic period is often understood as a direct progress during which a mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle was simply replaced by permanent settlements with an agricultural based economy. This picture of Neolithic society has been significantly influenced by the archaeological evidence coming from central and SE Europe, where the presence of permanently occupied households dated to this period appears to be well established (e.g. Hodder 1990). Considering the processes such as domestication and transition to sedentarism, it is not surprising that houses appear to figure strongly in the Neolithic narratives of the region. In the meantime, the character of evidence from the British Isles does not always seem to adhere to this simplified, often routinely accepted view of the Neolithic. Although there is evidence for the presence of houses in this period, when compared with other parts of Europe, the data appears to be rather scanty. This makes the Neolithic of the British Isles particularly interesting. While the timber, earthwork and megalithic monuments are as widely distributed as on the continent, the evidence for houses, and by extension, the character of settlement appear to be quite unique when moving west of the North Sea and north of the English Channel.In Britain and Ireland, the earliest Neolithic constructions which can be equated with houses are the timber structures. These buildings represent the first examples of the Neolithic architecture in the British Isles, preceding the development of monumental projects such as causewayed enclosures, long barrows and passage graves (Bradley, 2007: 42). However, their construction and use appear to