SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THREATS TO SELF

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：本研究探讨了 自尊和威胁对社会评价影响的基本动力学。 最近的证据表明，自尊心强的人可能 当自我形象受到威胁或 质疑三个初步的实验室研究表明， 双元互动伙伴对高自尊目标的评价是负面的， 受到自我威胁的人相比之下，那些低自尊的人 在自我威胁后得到了更积极的评价拟议的研究探讨 高自尊或低自尊的人际关系后果，特别是 在威胁的情况下。第一个系列包括四个实验室 这些研究考察了这种不对称评价的人际背景， 格局所涉及的问题包括：在二元结构中，人们的行为如何 （口头和非口头）？评估者的自尊在 玩吗？这种不对称的喜好效应是否仅限于陌生人？这种效果 只限于亲密任务吗第二个系列的研究审查了 自我威胁后人际评价的动机基础。的 一个普遍的观点是，低自尊的人专注于肯定 社会关系，而低自尊的人肯定个人能力。 这些动机差异具有社会后果， 自尊的人的行为方式，导致人们喜欢他们，而高 自尊的人的行为方式导致人们不喜欢他们。三 研究评估了人们获取信息的动机， 二分体伴侣的记忆，以及他们期望被接受或 拒绝第三个系列试图直接测试拟议的调解人的 不对称的喜好模式本系列中提出的问题包括：自我 自我关注的威胁改变程度？自我威胁会导致差异吗 人际比较的模式自尊对人类的影响 比较和自我关注与评价者的评价相关吗？最终 系列认为，假定的负面后果的可能性， 高自尊主要是由于防御性或波动性自尊。 收集内隐自尊和自尊稳定性的测量数据， 研究他们在人际评价中的作用。综合考虑， 研究将提供有关人际关系的重要信息， 高自尊或低自尊的后果，特别是在 涉及自我威胁

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): This research explores the basic dynamics of the effect of self-esteem and threat on social evaluation. Recent evidence suggests that individuals with high self-esteem may have interpersonal and self-regulatory difficulties when self-image is threatened or challenged. Three preliminary laboratory studies are described demonstrating that dyadic interaction partners negatively evaluate high self-esteem targets who have received an ego threat. By contrast, those with low self-esteem are evaluated more positively following an ego threat. The proposed studies explore the interpersonal consequences of having high or low self-esteem, especially under conditions of threat. The first series consists of four laboratory studies that examine the interpersonal context of this asymmetric evaluative pattern. The questions addressed include: How are people behaving in the dyadic interactions (verbally and nonverbally)? What role does the rater's self-esteem play? Is this asymmetric liking effect limited to strangers? Is this effect limited to an intimacy task? Studies in the second series examine the motivational basis of interpersonal evaluation following ego threat. The general proposition is that people with low self-esteem focus on affirming social bonds whereas people with low self-esteem affirm personal competence. These motivational differences have social consequences such that low self-esteem individuals act in ways that lead people to like them whereas high self-esteem individuals act in ways that lead people to dislike them. Three studies assess the sort of information people are motivated to obtain, their memory for dyad partners, and the extent they expect to be accepted or rejected. The third series tries to directly test the proposed mediators of the asymmetrical liking pattern. Questions asked in this series include: Does ego threat change degree of self-focus? Does ego threat lead to differential patterns of interpersonal comparisons? Do the effects of self-esteem in comparisons and self-focus correlate with evaluations made by raters? The final series considers the possibility that the putative negative consequences of high self-esteem are due primarily to defensive or fluctuating self-esteem. Measures of implicit self-esteem and self-esteem stability are collected to examine their role in interpersonal evaluation. Considered together, there studies will provide important information regarding the interpersonal consequences of having high or low self-esteem, especially under situations that involve ego threat.